Animal Testing Should Not Be Banned - 2133 Words

Everybody also can not deny that humans have tried a lot of ways to improve the life’s environment for laboratory animals in order to repay and respect what laboratory animals have done for humans. For example, humans put the efforts to build the wild environment in the lab room and maintain the breed for them. Or humans just use the animals who have a short reproduction. In addition, humans also attempt to find the method which can replace animal testing. According to Hunts in Forests of Borneo Aims to Track down Natural Drugs, Philip Shenon demonstrated that not only laboratory animal but also the plants can use for experiments, but also the plants can do it too. The tree Calophyllum Lanigerum has been shown to destroy HIV without destroying the health cells in the laboratory tests(Shenon). Nevertheless, these methods which seem to replace animal testing are too new and too less. Therefore, animal testing have created the damage in animals, but it could not compare to what a nimals test has done for humans. Although humans can not save animals’ rights by banning animal testing, humans try reduce the pain for animals when we apply the anesthetics in animal dissection, â€Å"Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and exposed to it intermittently during the grafting procedure†(Ahn). Humans piecemeal understand the feeling of laboratory animals, so humans will never stop finding a new method in order to create the benefit for animals and good effect for animal testing. After aShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of

Terrorism Essay - 526 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why do people resort to such violent acts as bombing, assassinations, and hi-jacking? How do individuals and organizations justify these acts of terror? These acts can easily be labeled as terrorist actions. Terrorism is a growing international problem. In the recent years, new terrorist groups and organizations have been forming at an alarming rate. Governments have had little success in their attempts to resolve issues involving terrorism. One of the major problems in discussing terrorism is â€Å"establishing a generally accepted definition.† Terrorism can be described as, â€Å"the unlawful use of fear or force to achieve certain political, economical, or social aims.† By being so difficult to define, organizations†¦show more content†¦Acts of terrorism have been committed by individuals, or groups who seek national independence. â€Å"One such act was the assassination of the Arch Duke of France in 1914. The assassination had soug ht to win Bosnia form Austrian rule, but failed and led to the outbreak of World War I.† Modern Terrorism is similar to terrorism from the past. At the same time, many methods that are more violent are being used in the 21 century. Today, terrorism poses a threat to innocent people, and is a serious threat to democratic forms of government. †One of the characteristics of modern terrorists is their practice of taking hostages in order to force their demands upon a particular government.† If demands are not met, the hostages face the threat of death. Hi-jacking commercial airlines and holding their passengers and crews hostage has become a favored method among terrorists today. If one can remember correct, it was just recently that America faced its most devastating act of terrorism yet. Over 5000 innocent people were killed in the September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon. This was the worst terrorist attack ever carried out on U.S. soil and the consequences for those responsible have already begun. What was once only talked about in fantasy novels, shocked the American public. This new form of Hi-jacking revealed that even the American defense system is vulnerable. People all over the world have begun to fear flying. WhatShow MoreRelatedTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1326 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing terrorism to be successful and continue. Terrorists gain power through the common, innocent people they attack. How the world responds to terrorist attacks determines whether or not terrorism will cease. The common people’s response to terrorism, the interest of the state, and the media’s role in terrorism all aide to terrorism’s success and its continuation in the future. How people willingly choose to respond to terrorist attacks defines terrorism and determines if terrorism will continueRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1126 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism Have you ever had a fear for your family, your town, your country, or your world. How about the fear to have everything taken from you, destroyed, and not caring if it has hurt you or not? What about your fear and pain is, and can be someone else’s happiness? The fear of you being terrorized? That is terrorism. Someone else bringing fear and terrorizing you. That is a terrorist’s goal. Terrorism is common and is very difficult to stop. The government promises protection for the peopleRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1035 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past Century, terrorism has advanced from random killings to enormous plans for terrorist groups. To understand terrorism you must first define it. Terrorism as we all know it is hard to define and understand, and has many different definitions as it is used widely. The word terrorism stems from the word terror, which means to instill fear in. People become terrorists when they take the actions towards instilli ng fear and terror upon people to prove a certain point or agenda. Some terroristsRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1626 Words   |  7 PagesTerrorism can be categorized as â€Å"the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as means to create terror, or fear, to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim (Fortna).† Although there is no formal definition of terrorism, we typically associate the words terrorism and terrorists with acts of violence that are used unlawfully to intimidate in pursuance of political gain. Terrorists do not act at random, but rather use violence to maximize on fear and publicity with a specific goal inRead MoreTerrorism And Terrorism : Terrorism1231 Words   |  5 Pages Terrorism is a common term used in the media and news everyday, especially in the United States. We are in a constant battle against ‘terrorism’, â€Å"Counterterrorism has to be woven into the everyday workings of every department. It should be included on the agenda of every meeting†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kelling Bratton, 2006). Terrorism and How to Respond All terrorism is criminal but not all criminals are terrorists. Terrorism unlike most crimes has a political agenda behind it. Many terrorists are involved withRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism851 Words   |  4 PagesTerrorist attacks are major threats that could occur in any nation. Terrorism is one of those things that can happen at any time. It will strike in small, medium and large cities. Although we will never be able to remove all risk from terrorism, we can definitely reduce the risk through hazard mitigation and disaster preparedness (GBRA, 2011). To better understand terrorism we need to know what it is. Terrorism can be defined as the use of force or violence against persons or property in violationRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1377 Words   |  6 PagesTerrorism in Sudan In the past, Sudan had been designated as a State Sponsor of Terrorism regarding support for international terrorist groups. However, Sudan has changed its approach ever since the 9/11 attacks has been aiding the United States in diminishing the pervasiveness of terrorist groups in Sudan, and in the world. Recently, Sudan has remained cooperative with the United States in its war on counter terrorism. Sudan has taken many preventive measures to keep these terrorist groups outRead MoreThe Effects Of Terrorism On Terrorism And Terrorism944 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Terrorism â€Å"The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism,† (History of Terrorism). The history of terrorism is a long bloody road. One of the bloodiest of acts of terrorism in the early years, was the reign of terror. In which, the Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, executed 40,000 people. Newspapers coined the word â€Å"Terrorism† as a way of describing RobespierreRead MoreTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism1207 Words   |  5 PagesQuestion † What trends are evident in terrorism over the past 5 years? How have these trends impacted on the ways in which counter terrorism has responded in the Australian context? Introduction Terrorism poses a serious security challenge to the Australia and globally as it prevalence has increased over a decade although less attacks occur in the Western nations. The purpose of this assignment is to examine what trends and terrorist tactics are evident internationally over the past 5 years andRead MoreTerrorism Between Terrorism And Terrorism2012 Words   |  9 PagesTerrorism has played a brutal and alarming role in societies across the world. Many nations have been confronted with the need to develop solutions in the wake of tragedies caused by terrorism. Unfortunately, terrorist organizations are still operating and terrorist acts have continued. Many questions that have still gone unanswered despite careful study, but governments are finding some relief when collaborating with anti-terrorism organizations (Fischer, 2002). Terrorists have struck almost everywhere

The Secret to Happiness-Counseling Psychology Free Essays

Money and Happiness: The Problems of Understanding its Dynamic Relationship The want of money is the root of all evil. – Samuel Butler- Our society holds a taboo when it comes to explicitly speaking of the desire for money. However, at the same time our behaviors implicitly show us the extent of this desire. We will write a custom essay sample on The Secret to Happiness-Counseling Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people spend much time analyzing the stock market for their next bid, millions of people buy lottery tickets looking for their big break, and many people fight with their siblings over their dead parents’ fortune. And the reason we so desperately pursue the accumulation of wealth is because we believe in its positive influence. We believe it will change our lives into a better one. We think it will make us happier. (Campbell, 1981) However, this is an issue still in question and an important one especially for counseling psychology. In this field, the relationship between money and life satisfaction is essential due to its relevance to career counseling. Considering that a jobs’ financial reward and hence its socioeconomic status is influential in career orientation for some people, the clarification of such relationship becomes crucial. And in accord to the importance of this issue, there has been abundant research relating to it. However, the results seem to be mixed and confusing. The purpose of this paper is to point out the shortcomings of previous works on this issue and additionally, to provide a new scope into which will be a guide for further research on this issue. Problems in samples and variables Previous studies have attempted to see if money increases happiness by looking into the lives of those who have a lot of money. But some of these studies seem to have missed out on a vital factor, sample size. In a study of some of the wealthiest people in the United States, Diener et al. (1985) found the happiness levels of these people to be only slightly above average than that of people with regular incomes. However, the sample size for this study was only 49. Also, Brickman et al. (1978) found that lottery winners were not happier than controls even after their sudden fortune. But his research contained only 22 lottery winners as participants. In both cases the sample size was much too small to make a general rule out of their research. There could have been plenty of other happier wealthy people who are on the Forbes 500 list or won the lottery but did not participate in the study. So it seems obvious that in future studies, the sample size should be enlarged as much as possible. This would be easier nowadays due to the increased number of millionaires and billionaires in general and quicker access to them through e-mail. Sometimes researchers seem to have failed to fully analyze the variables they used in their research. In a more recent study, researchers found that income increase over the course of 10 years had only a small positive impact on happiness (North et al. , 2008). This time the size of the sample was relatively large by 274, but certain variables within this sample diminished the implication of this study. Apart from the sample being from a concentrated area (San Francisco Bay area) and being mostly consisted of Caucasians (89%), the researchers have not fully analyzed the spending patterns of the samples’ income. They simply tried to correlate the total income with other variables such as happiness. But considering the possible fluctuations of expenditure during the course of 10 years, for example, due to emergencies or children’s college tuitions, the net worth of the increased income could have been no different during those 10 years. According to other research, having a strong sense of control over ones financial state can be linked to greater overall satisfaction and that strong sense of control is possible if there is sufficient net worth of income (Cummins, 2000). So without knowing whether the participants had sufficient net worth it would be somewhat misleading say that more income does not contribute to more happiness. Mixed Results The researches shown above are only a few of many that touch upon this issue of money and happiness. And due to many variables that complicate the relationship of the two, there have been plenty of mixed results. It has been shown that happiness is strongly correlated with increasing income at poverty levels (Diener Biswas-Diener, 2002) whereas once income exceeds that level and basic needs are met, money matters only a little (Myers, 2000). On the other hand, there has been research that money generates opportunities for individuals to make better decisions that allow them to improve their well-being (Schwartz, 2004). But then again, more money seems to open possibilities for negative events in life such as divorce (Clydesdale, 1997). What all these findings and many others lead us to conclude is the old adage: â€Å"Money isn’t everything. † Considering Other Variables But knowing just that would not be fruitful. So in response to this unsurprising insight there have been many attempts to clarify the variables in which allow the correlation between money and well-being to be more clear. In one study, Johnson and Krueger (2006) collected a nationwide sample of 719 twin pairs in the United States. The researchers have demonstrated, through methods of self-report surveys, that an individual’s actual available money explained only about 10% of people’s perceptions of financial well-being, proving the old adage. Along with this finding they showed that perceived financial situation and perceived control over various life domains mediate the relationship between wealth and life satisfaction. In other words, those who believed that they have more control over their financial state and/or those who perceived their financial state in a positive light were happier with regard to how much money they had. This research is meaningful in that it tried to connect relative psychological factors that take crucial part in this issue of money and happiness. However this research is qualified in terms of understanding the question â€Å"Will earning more money make us happy? The main defect it has is that, because their study was not based on longitudinal data it does not show whether more money now than before effects happiness. It focused more on the effect of money on people’s well-being at a fixed time. Research Questions Considering that psychological factors can have a significant contribution to life satisfaction concerning money, an attractive research question would be whether increased income and the ability to perceive change, or retrospect, one’s socioeconom ic status have an impact on life satisfaction. One can assume that if an individual can clearly perceive how much better oneself is doing than before then that person might feel happier than someone who does not see that upward change. But one major factor these studies mentioned above miss out on is personal desire and values. So it would be also interesting to find out if people with different values or desires have different affects by increasing incomes. More specifically, finding out whether people who peg certain emotional rewards to the cquisition of material goods, and hence are extrinsically motivated, are more likely to become happier as their income increases would be a relevant research question. It would be recommendable for both research questions to be done by longitudinal studies. Conclusion This paper has looked into researches concerning money and happiness. This theme was found to be important not only because it concerns our modern life perception about happiness but also because this perception is a crucial e lement in making career plans for one’s life. Current research has shown problems with sampling and choosing the right variables. Some studies proved to be fruitful in that it factored in relevant psychological concepts that would mediate satisfaction regarding money. Also, it turns out that longitudinal studies are much more informative in knowing the effects of income change on well-being. The research question provided by this paper is relevant to current issues of this topic and to career counseling because it would clarify elements such as ability of retrospection and motivation types to be predictors of subjective well-being with regard to one’s income. 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The Edwardian era Essay Example For Students

The Edwardian era Essay I think that Inspector Calls is indeed a successful modern day morality play. This is because it relates to the old traditional morality plays and teaches the audience something at the same time, teaches them a moral. It teaches them something very factual and true, something about themselves and the society they live in. This play can be linked very closely to the seven sins. This is because each of the characters apart from the inspector can be linked with 1 of the seven sins, and can show how they did something in their own way. The inspector tries to make them all share responsibility in letting them know that they have all contributed towards her death. But each of you helped to kill her. These are the inspectors words shortly before leaving the Birlings house. The Birlings and Gerald Croft can relate to real life people quite easily, because generally, a lot of people think as they did. Another point that shows the plays success, is the way that it is easy for the audience to look at what theyre doing wrong, and relate that to themselves or the society they live in, and thus teaches them of there mistakes of which they are oblivious to. The play is Preistlys way of teaching the audience. He tries to teach that we need to be responsible not only for ourselves, but others in our society and community. At the beginning of the play the family are too full of them-selves and look down on people. They think they have a great importance just because they are rich and upper class. The play shows some irony here as Arthur is awaiting his knight-hood. This shows us that in the Edwardian times, you were either stinking rich, or poor and starving. The rich should have been supporting the poor instead of looking down on them in disgust, it is there collective responsibility. The characters do represent real life people in that they show people making mistakes and being totally oblivious to them. In the play the inspector is really Preistley, hes the one who is trying to put Preistleys feelings across. He wants the show them what theyve done wrong and make them feel bad so that hopefully these people will learn from there mistakes. Morality plays are not a new thing, they have been around for years. The whole idea is to teach people their real life, moral mistakes. Making people aware of there ignorance. They can teach people very valuable things about life in general, very important moral issues. They have been in production for many years, even as far back as medieval times. A character in the play represents a sin. This character was given the chance to behave correctly, and thus teaching the audience. In the play the inspector, or Preistleys voice tries to get each character to recognise, and own up to their mistakes. He wants them all to admit to their part in Evas death. However, Sheila does confess when she makes the statement I know Im to blame Dramatic irony is used in this play very wisely. He has made the audience form a disliking against the Birlings and feel sorry for those they have wronged. Dramatic irony is where the audience knows more than the character. This is by Arthurs ignorance when he says the titanic wont sink when we know damn well that it will. But at this point in the play, people are un-aware of his ignorance and take his word for it. It makes him seem like a knowledgeable man. Preistley does this deliberately to show that Arthur isnt really the man that he and his family think he is. It shows that he isnt as good as he thinks he is at all, and not half as clever. .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .postImageUrl , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:hover , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:visited , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:active { border:0!important; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:active , .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396 .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5dc1260116ec31ccd1667a54bec15396:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Naturalistic Theatre EssayBirling goes on and on as well. He likes the sound of his own voice, and yet again, feels he has a very high importance. The inspector arrives when Mr. Birling is going on about everybody being there own responsibility. A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own. This is ironic because the inspectors questioning tries to challenge his views, and it makes Arthur look a bit stupid. There was a long chain of events, which lead up to Evas death. Mr Birling first became acquainted with Eva when he took her on as an employee 2 years previously. Mr Birling was the one who put the chain in motion. He started the dramatic chain of events by sacking Eva. The reason for Evas sacking was because she had asked for a pay rise, due to the despicable wages that they were being paid. However, Mr Birling is not all to blame, because Evas approach towards asking Mr Birling for a pay rise was quite possibly not the best way to do it. She had lead a small party of workers in a strike force. This was her sackable offence, but if Mr Birling was paying them well in the first place this would never have happened, and it is clear that Mr Birling isnt the type of person to give a pay rise unless something drastic happens.

Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Election an Example by

Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Elections Winning an election is a very methodical process. It cant be won by sheer luck. The campaign should be planned carefully and systematically executed. If elections are won through deliberations, then the results shouldnt be predictable as we are experiencing it now. Elections are won by the candidates degree of popularity, a large budget for campaign, and good political relations. These elements are the advantages incumbent politicians have over incoming politicians. Need essay sample on "Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Elections" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed To win the control of the Congress almost equals the importance of winning the control for the Whitehouse. Currently, the balance of power of the opposing political parties is quite close. This is very important because unlike the Parliament system, in the U.S the Congress has separate powers with that of the president. All laws are supposed to be passed first in the Congress. To win control of the Congress means more numbers in politicians having the same agendas, this in turn grant political parties more power over the politics of the government. Although, members of the congress are free to decide whether they are in favor or not in a certain law, they are likely to favor the decision of fellow politicians of the same party. As the clich says, birds of the same feather flock together. Opposing political parties are existing because they cant agree on certain issues therefore there are disputes, and these disputes are won by votes. If there are more party members that won the election and is able to vote in disputes within the Congress, then it is logical that it favors the political party with the most number of politicians. After all, there is considerable strength in numbers. Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper today? Essay writer professionals suggest: Help With Essay Writing Custom Essay Reviews Pay For Essay Best Essay Writing Service Write My Essay Online It is very logical that voters favor candidates that theyve known longer as opposed to the new faces theyve just seen during the campaign period. The time voters learn about a candidate is connected to how much theyve learned from the candidate (Abramowitz 1975). Voters can relate more to incumbents because they can simply review the incumbents performance during their past term/s. It will also favor the incumbent more if he had a decent performance during his or her past term/s. It is not uncommon that in politics a politicians blunder is easily covered-up. Im not stereotyping all politicians, just stating their obvious advantage. Voters are also unlikely to gamble in having put to the hands of a new politician the mercy of their area, especially if the incumbent has done a decent work regarding his political position. Incumbents also have the advantage of the support of their respective political parties. It may come as financial and the predetermined support of their respective partys loyalists. Being part of a political party means wider campaigning capabilities and endorsements of other politicians running for the highest seats in the government. Of course, the non-incumbents also belong to a political party and also gain the same benefits. But they are burdened the task of impressing voters with their credentials and campaign speeches that is only to be exposed to the public during the campaign period. The non-incumbents are burdened the challenge of having a short period for preparations and being typically unknown to the general public. Incumbents practically have their whole past term/s as their campaign period. With the convenience of being uncontested, they also have their names along with the issues and projects concerning their area thus giving the voters more recall of their names. An election study was done in an election in Missouri in 1994. The survey began three days before the actual electionsthe timing of the study overlaps with the most intense part of the congressional campaignThe eight incumbent members up for reelection in the state of Missouri in 1994 faced a range of challengers, from several very weakto a few relatively well financed, serious opponents. Although eight of the Missouri incumbents won decisively, the range of talent they faced allows to demonstrate some of the over-time differences in campaigning between moderately intense and barely contested races. (Elms. Sniderman) Although the date of this study maybe questioned, what it had shown us are trends of decision making within the voting public. A challenging candidate may gain the necessary requirements of a voter, but still a certain amount of time is required for the voter to influence another voter to vote for a challenger. Congressional elections are anticipated as how a new candidate would match up with an incumbent politician, much like between a challenger and a defending champion in boxing. In boxing matches, most bets are placed to the defending champion because they proven that they can win their matches and are likely to win again. This has been a common trend in the past elections. This trend has been cutting the number of credible candidates because it has been difficult for them to beat incumbents in elections. New candidates must surpass the efforts of the incumbents. Incumbents are there from the very starts, and so challengers must find ways to deal with that fact. They should gain popularity way before they even proclaim their plans of candidacy, this is to somehow be at par with the time span incumbents do their campaigning which is during their term/s. If ever the challenger wins the election, this cycle will repeats itself in the next election as new challengers for the coveted seat em erge. Works Cited Abramowitz A. The 2004 Congressional Elections. The American Political Science Association. Abramowitz A. Name Familiarity, Reputation, and the Incumbency Effect in Congressional Elections. Western Political Quarterly, 1975 Aldrich J. H. Congresional elections. International Information programs. Barone, Michael, and Ujifusa G. The Almanac of American Politics 1996. Washington, DC: National Journal 1995 Elms and Sniderman P. M. Informational Rhythms of Incombent-Dominated Congressional Elections. Jacobson G. C. The Politics of Congressional Elections. USA: Longman, 2001 Jacobson G. C. and Kernel S. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. USA: Yale UP, 1981

Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John

Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John William Shakespeare is himself a man of mystery. Many facts myths exists about him, as if to say he had many chapters in his life. A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeare’s life is lacking, and thus much supposition surrounds relatively few facts that are known. It is commonly accepted that he was born in 1564, and it is known that he was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He is perhaps the best known English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. Shakespeare’s plays communicate a profound knowledge of human behavior, revealed through portrayals of a wide variety of characters. His use of poetic and dramatic means to create a unified aesthetic effect out of an array of multiple vocal expressions and actions is recognized as a singular achievement. â€Å"Poetic lyrics within his plays express the deepest levels of human motivation in individual, social, and universal situations. This considered one of the greatest accomplishments in literary history†(Volume S, 324)#. To understand Shakespeare’s point of view you have to understand his background. The third of eight children, he was probably educated at the local grammar school. As the eldest son, Shakespeare ordinarily would have been apprenticed to his father’s shop so that he could learn and eventually take over the business, but according to one account he was apprenticed to a butcher because of declines in his father’s financial situation. According to another account, he became a schoolmaster#. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a farmer. He is supposed to have left Stratford after he was caught poaching in the deer park of Sir Thomas Lucy, a local justice of the peace. Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had a daughter in 1583 and twins, a boy and a girl, in 1585. The boy did not survive. Shakespeare apparently arrived in London about 1588 and by 1592 had attained success as an actor an...

The great gatsby Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The great gatsby - Movie Review Example The important credits of the American Dream as presented in the novel are hope and perseverance and aspiration for success facing all difficult challenges. To be ambitious and work hard with an unquenchable thirst about adventurous life! Jay Gatsby is supposed to pursue all these qualities and he is the main character in the novel representing American Dream. He is fired by the everlasting hope and craves to win Daisy’s love in tandem with the spirit of the American Dream. A pre-decided goal and the relentless pursuit of that goal! His introduction in the novel is dramatic and the author describes it thus: "†¦[with] his hands in his pockets†¦ out to determine what share was his of our local heavens †¦.he [Gatsby] stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way,†¦ he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock" (Fitzgerald 21). The restless spirit of Gatsby is evident in this description. The green light is the symbol for his intense desire to possess Daisy, craze for money and he is not satisfied with his present possessions; he craves to achieve and accumulate more. But what is the reality? Nick describes it and argues that the green light is the symbol for success that he is anticipating in the future, by further accelerating the efforts. Undoubtedly, Gatsby’s goal provides him with a direction in life, but in his aggression to move forward he has no time to pause, review or look backward. He chases his dream of securing eternal company with Daisy and, subsequently, he waits patiently for a long time near her house but she has abandoned him. In his effort to emulate the modern face of the American Dream, he has lost touch with the pure, original American Dream. Loss of ethical values is the cause for the shattering of the

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation Dissertation

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation and attitude) perception towards drugs and the impact i - Dissertation Example Various studies revealed that nearly two-thirds of the organised crime groups primarily deal in drugs, though there are instances where some of these gang syndicates have expanded into other illicit and financially lucrative activities like human trafficking. The UK drug networking is not confined to the major city centres but has now expanded to spread it tentacles into the small towns, which, researches show is directly proportional to the increase in serious violence. Indeed, the basic feature of this of drug based organised criminal syndicate is not simply in the nature of its illegality but the perpetual willingness to use violent means protect and earn more profits. This article will study to find how the government and law enforcement agencies view and work to counter this extensive network of criminality that reaches into every community. Much of the criminology studies and the criminal laws tend to focus on the criminal activities perpetuated by individuals, owing to the fact that generally individual criminals are apprehended and sent for prosecution, even though they may actually be a part of a larger criminal gang. However, in the recent years we find that there is a growing interest amongst experts towards studying the structure of various criminal organisations that consist of a group of individuals come together to commit crimes, which are financially lucrative. UNDFOC which is major organisation fighting against this rising menace claims in its website that â€Å"Transnational organized crime is considered as one of the major threats to human security, impeding the social, economic, political and cultural development of societies worldwide. It is a multi-faceted phenomenon and has manifested itself in different activities, among others, drug trafficking, trafficking in human beings; trafficking in firearms; smuggling of migrants; money laundering; etc. In particular drug trafficking is one of the main activities of organized crime groups, generating enormous profits.  UNODC works closely with Governments, international organizations and civil society to strengthen cooperation to counter the pervasive influence of organized crime and drug trafficking†(UNODC and organized crime, 2011). This type of organised crime has spread very fast in almost all spheres of criminal activities, especially in the areas, which are highly profitable i n nature like human trafficking for sexual exploitation, various forms of cyber crimes, and drug trafficking, amongst many others (Fiorentini, & Peltzman, 1995). Organised crime comprises of â€Å"organised violence; heroin and other drug trafficking; organised immigration crime; non-fiscal and fiscal fraud; firearms offences; road freight crime; theft of vehicles for profit or to facilitate other crime; robbery of cash and valuables in transit; and intellectual property crime† (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary –getting organised, 2009, 6). Perpetrators of the organised criminal activities always function with the primary motive of procuring huge profits (Reuter, &

Tupac Shakur Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tupac Shakur - Research Paper Example Tupac Shakur developed a rap group called Strictly Dope with the help of his friends, Ray Luv and DJ Dize (Predoc 1). In the year 2001, the album "the lost tapes† was released on the name of Tupac Shakur. From the beginning, Tupac Shakur was making music with group members but at the end, he moved into solo career due to some individual reasons (Scattergood 1). In the year 1991, the solo debut album of Tupac Shakur was released which was entitled as â€Å"2Pacalypse now† (Covey, 81). The release of his debut album made Tupac Shakur one of the most famous controversial rappers in the hip-hop industry. The released album got the huge accolade from the public music lovers. Some of the hit singles from the debut album of Tupac Shakur are â€Å"Brenda got a Baby† and â€Å"Trapped† which rapidly made him popular among the music lovers (Beatty 61). Next album of Tupac Shakur was â€Å"Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.† It was the masterpiece of music and lyrics. The album was related to the controversies that were surrounded by him. The album had the special appearance from other controversial rappers, such as Ice Cube and West Coast rappers. Similar to his first album, this particular album of Tupac Shakur was at number four on the chart of R & B. In the course of the later stage, Tupac Shakur was involved in several conflicts with other members of record-label and rappers. In the year 1996, Tupac Shakur was shot several times in the shooting during driving (Assata Shakur 1).  

Effect of GA3 on Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato

Effect of GA3 on Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato Effect of GA3 on Some Biochemical Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato M. S. Rahman, Md. Azadul Haque and Md. G. Mostofa Abstract An experiment was carried out in pots at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, during March to July 2012 to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of GA3 on biochemical parameters at different growth stages in order to maximize the yield of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2. The concentrations of GA3 used were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm and they were applied at three stages, namely root soaking of seedlings before transplanting, vegetative and flowering stages. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were recorded when GA3 was applied through root soaking followed by vegetative stage and the lowest was found at the flowering stage. In contrast, the highest nitrate reductase activity was observed when GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage and the lowest activity was recorded at the flowering stage. The applications of 50-75 ppm GA3 had significantly encouraged the bio-chemical parameters studied at 50 DAT. The amount of GA3 applied at different stages had significant influence on the yield and yield attributes of summer tomato. The highest plant height was recorded when 50 ppm of GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage. While, the longest time to first fruit setting was required when the roots of the seedlings were soaked in 100 ppm GA3 solution. The application of 50 ppm GA3 by root soaking had significantly increased the number of flowers, fruits and fruit yield per plant but similar performances were achieved when only 25 ppm GA3 was applied at the flowering stage. The fruit yield of tomato per plant increased linearly with the increased number of flowers and fruits per plant. Keywords: Concentration, Chlorophyll, GA3, Soluble protein, Nitrate reductase activity Introduction Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetables of Bangladesh. Tomato is cultivated all over the country due to its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climate. Normally tomato is grown in winter season due to its requirements for temperate climate. Hence, it is difficult to grow tomato in summer season due to adverse climatic conditions, such as high temperature, high rain fall, hailstorms, etc. Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) has developed some tomato varieties to cultivate in summer season. But the yield potential of these varieties can not be achieved due to the above mentioned climatic conditions. In summer season, tomato can however be successfully grown under glasshouse conditions. But it is not possible for the poor farmers to go for large scale production in glasshouses because it is highly expensive and need technical skills. The other option is the use of plant growth regulators to minimize the effect of harsh e nvironments in order to maximize the yield of summer tomato. Results of some studies indicated that the application of Gibberellic acid (GA3) had significantly increased the number of fruits per plant than the untreated controls (Tomar and Ramgiry, 1997). Adlakha and Verma (1964) reported that the application of GA3 on flower cluster resulted in an increase in fruit weight. To increase the yield as well as to avoid flower and fruit dropping, application of GA3 at optimum concentration and at right time is important. Gibberellic acid has great effects on plant physiological systems including fruit setting, leaf expansion, germination, breaking dormancy, increasing fruit size, improving fruit quality and in many other aspects of plant growth and thereby on crop production. Keeping the above circumstances in view, the present study was under taken to evaluate the performance of GA3 on biochemical properties, growth and yield attributes and to determine the optimum time and concentratio n of GA3 application in order to maximize the yield of Binatomato-2. Materials and Methods A pot experiment was conducted with tomato var. Binatomato-2 at the experimental site of Crop Botany Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during March to July 2012. Five levels of GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm were applied at (i) seedling stage by root soaking before transplanting (ii) vegetative stage [20 days after transplanting (DAT)] and (iii) flowering stage (40 DAT) by hand sprayer. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Twelve kilograms of sun-dried sandy loam soil and cow dung, urea, TSP and MP @ 583.33, 2.9, 2.54 and 1.81 g/pot corresponding to 10 tons, 400, 350 and 250 kg/ha were applied in each pot. Before pot filling, full doses of TSP, MP and cow dung were thoroughly mixed with the soil. Half of the urea was applied during transplanting and the remaining half at vegetative stage. Intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Data on yield and yield contributing c haracters were recorded at final harvest. Biochemical analyses viz. chlorophyll, soluble protein contents and nitrate reductase activities in leaves were estimated at 50 DAT following the methods of Arnon (1949), Lowery et al. (1951) and Stewart and Orebamjo (1979). Data were analyzed statistically to find out the level of significance using MSTAT-C package programme (Russel, 1986) and significant differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan`s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Results and Discussion There were significant differences among the treatments in respect of chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in tomato leaves at 50 DAT (Table 1). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves was obtained when the roots of seedlings were soaked in GA3 solutions before transplanting, which was identical to the application of GA3 at vegetative stage. The lowest chlorophyll content was found in plants when GA3 was applied at the flowering stage. Chlorophyll content in leaves was influenced significantly due to the application of different concentrations of GA3. The highest chlorophyll content was found from 100 ppm GA3 followed by 75 ppm and the lowest was found from the control, which was identical to those obtained from the application of 25 and 50 ppm of GA3. Chlorophyll content increased with increased concentrations of GA3. The application of GA3 through root soaking of seedlings and at vegetative stages resulted in the highest but similar soluble protein contents in tomato leaves and the lowest was found when it was applied at the flowering stage. The soluble protein content in leaves was also significantly influenced by the application of variable levels of GA3. The highest content was recorded with 50 ppm and the lowest content was recorded with 100 ppm GA3 which indicated that soluble protein content in leaves increased significantly until the application of 50 ppm and thereafter decreased with further increase in GA3 concentrations. Adlakha and Verma (1964) also reported that 50 ppm GA3 had appreciably increased the protein content in leaves. The maximum nitrate reductase activity was recorded at vegetative stage. The lowest was observed in flowering stage and this was similar to the activity performed when GA3 was applied through root soaking. Nitrate reductase activity was significantly influenced by the application of different concentrations of GA3. The maximum nitrate reductase activity was recorded with 75 ppm GA3 and the minimum was found from the control. Spraying of 50 and 75 ppm GA3 did not show any difference in NR activities at 40 days after planting. The applications of GA3 at different stages of plant growth resulted in significant influence on yield and yield attributes of summer tomato. The highest plant height was recorded when GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage and the lowest height was recorded at the flowering stage. GA3 had significant influence on plant height. It increased until the application of 50 ppm and declined remarkably with further increase in GA3 concentrations. The interactions between stage and concentrations of GA3 indicated that the application of 50 ppm of GA3 at the vegetative stage encouraged vigorous plant growth and thereby resulted in the highest plant height. There was no significant difference among the stages of hormone application in respect of time to first fruit setting. The maximum number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant was produced when GA3 was applied through root soaking followed by the vegetative stage. All those parameters showed the lowest results when GA3 was applied at flowering stage. Similar result was also reported by Kaushik et al., 1974. They applied GA3 at vegetative stage and obtained increased fruit weight per plant. Sanyal et al. (1995) observed that foliar application was more effective than root soaking of seedlings. GA3 concentrations had statistically significant effect on plant height, time to first fruit setting, number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant. The highest plant height was found with the application of 50 ppm GA3 which was identical to 25 ppm and the lowest was found from the control. The maximum time for first fruit setting was required when GA3 was applied at 100 ppm and t he lowest time was required with lower concentrations of GA3. The maximum number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant was produced with 50 ppm GA3 application and the lowest was recorded with 100 ppm. Saleh and Abdul (1980) reported similar result from their experiment. They found that GA3 at 50 ppm decreased the total number of flowers per plant but increased the total yield. Hossain (1974), Adlakha and Verma (1995) found that the application of 50 ppm GA3 had increased the fruit setting, while Saleh and Abdul (1980) observed that GA3 at 25 or 50 ppm had increased the total yield of tomato compared to the control. Sanyal et al. (1995) also found that 50 ppm of GA3 had profound effect on the yield of tomato. The interaction between GA3 concentrations and stages of application indicated that the highest number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant were produced when GA3 was applied through root soaking of seedlings at 50 ppm which was identical to the application of 50 ppm at vegetative stage or 25 ppm at flowering stage. A positive and linear relationship was found between the number of flowers per plant and fruit weight per plant (r = 0.96**) (Figure 1), number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant (r = 0.99**) (Figure 2) which indicated that the fruit yield of tomato is highly influenced by the production of flowers and the retention of fruits per plant irrespective of the stage and amount of GA3 applied in tomato plants. Conclusion It was revealed from the study that application of GA3 at the rate of 50-75 ppm by root soaking and at vegetative stage increased biochemical properties as well as increase the number of flowers, fruits and fruit yield per plant of Binatomato-2. It can be concluded that foliar application of 50 ppm Gibberelic acid on Binatomato-2 variety provide the best result in terms of biochemical attributes and yield. References Adlakha, P. A. Verma, S. K. (1964). Effect of gibberellic acid on the quality of tomato fruit. Punjab Horticulture Journal. 4 (3-4), 148-151. Adlakha, P. A. Verma, S. K. 1995. Effect of gibberellic acid on fruiting and yield of tomatoes. Science and Culture 31, 301-303. Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24, 1-5. Briant, R. E. (1974). An analysis of the effect of gibberellic acid on tomato leaf growth. Journal of . Experimental Botany. 25, 764-771. Gomez, K. A. Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. (2nd ed.). International Rice Research Institute. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 139-240. Hossain, M. A. E. (1974). Studies on the effect of parachlorophenoxy acetic acid and gibberellic acid on the production of tomato. M. Sc. Ag. Thesis, Dep. of Horticulture, Banglaesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis studies in biology. Edward Arnold Ltd. London, p. 67. Kaushik, M. P., Sharma, J. K. Singh, I. (1974). Effect of alpha naphthalene acetic acid , gibberellic acid , kinetin and morphactin on yield of tomato. Plant Science. 6, 51-53. Lowerry, O. H., Roserrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biology and Chemistry 193, 265-275. Rusell, D. F.(1986). MSTAT-C Package Programme. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, USA. Saleh, M. M. S. Abdul, K. S. (1980). Effect of gibberellic acid and cycocel on growth, flowering and fruiting of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 15(1), 137-166. Sanyal, D., Kar, P. L. Longkumar, M. (1995). Effect of growth regulators on the physico-chemical composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Advances in Hort. And Forestry, 4, 67-71. Stewart, G.R. Orebamjo, T.O. (1979). Some unusual characteristics of nitrate reduction in Erythrina senegalensis DC . New Phytology 83, 311-319. Tomar, I. S. Ramgiry, S. R. (1997). Effect of growth regulators on yield and yield attributes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Advance Plant Science 10 (2), 29-31. Table 1. Effect of GA3 application at different stages of plant growth on bio- chemical parameters of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2 at 40 DAT In a column, figures having similar letter(s) do not differ significantly at 5% level of probability by DMRT. Table 2. Effect of GA3 application at different stages of plant growth on yield and yield components of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2 In a column, figures having similar letter(s) do not differ significantly at 5% level of probability by DMRT. Significant at 5% level, ** Significant at 1% level

Turtles Hatching :: essays research papers

Turtles Hatching The poem Mark O’Connor wrote â€Å"Turtles Hatching† at a time in his life when was closely studying nature. In this poem Mark O’Connor closely observes turtles hatching and contemplates the ritual that turtles share with the beach. This poem also has close connotations to life cycle and family. Mark O’Connor begins the poem with one single line which emphasis the information that he is giving the reader. The continuation of this line from the rest of the poem to the next without a pause creates an urgency, which is used to emphasis the situation. In the second stanza Mark O’Connor sets the scene as the turtles, â€Å"break through to twilight.† The poet uses imperatives and personification of the elements in the line, â€Å"Downhill, fast; when you hit water, swim.† This technique is used to let the reader into the turtle’s head so they can feel the instinct that is overcoming them. The poet uses lining in this poem to create stresses on words at the beginning of lines such as, ‘last, will be picked’. Creating a new line between last and will creates a tone of finality, which is associated with last. In the second stanza Mark O’Connor sums up the odds for the turtles notifying the reader of the terrible fact that only one in a hundred will survive. This is used as a shock treatment towards the reader, which makes this figure stand out even more. Mark O’Connor uses an extended metaphor that begins in the second stanza and returns again in the fourth. This technique is used to create a special prominence on the line â€Å"high-revving toys†. In the forth stanza the poet uses hyperboles like â€Å"castles and every hole an abyss,† to create vivid visual imagery emphasising the peril of the turtles situation. â€Å"Scrambling, sand, scrabbling, slime, sculling and sand pools† are examples of alliteration, which slows down the line when spoken. In this poem there are military contexts like â€Å"death lane† which portray through visual imagery images such as trench fighting. In the sixth stanza Mark O’Connor creates contrast between reality and the minds of the turtles, the line, â€Å"Caught in cracks† shows how they think they’re safe when really they’re not. Throughout this poem Mark O’Connor reinforces a biological imperative, which is shown through words such as, oceans, limbs and nature. This is used to create a friendly and informative tone. The seventh stanza is suddenly written as though a human voice has suddenly taken over and began reading the poem.

Mgt 520 Final Exam Study

MGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20  at 12:01 a. m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p. m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE – THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam.In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. There are three pages to your final, and each page begins with a story. The stories are quite interesting and will make the questions flow easily. The questions that follow are then taken from each story. There is a little overlap. Remember questions are scrambled, so while they v ary, all TCO’s will be tested. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently.This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your internet connection does break, when you reconnect you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. . See Syllabus â€Å"Due Dates for Assignments & Exams† for due date information. 4. Reminders: * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the â€Å"Save Answers† button often * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, contact first the help desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the Final Exam at the top right of the page . Assessments with Multiple Pages: * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on save answers while you are working) * Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review; check your work and be sure to answer all the parts of questions. * Do NOT use your browser's ‘Back' and ‘Forward' buttons during the Final Exam * Please use the provided links for navigation 6. Submitting Your Final Exam: When you are finished with the Final Exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers 7. Exam Questions * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The exam has two short answe r questions worth 15 points each (TCO I and D. ) (Plan about 10 minutes each). * The exam has 7 essay questions worth 30 points each (TCO A, B, C, E, F, G, and H) (Plan about 23-25 minutes each. ) This gives you about a 30 minute buffer. The exam has a total of 240 points. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * On the short answer questions, just answer the question asked, with any brief detail to explain why you answered that way. If a list is requested, provide it. * On the essay questions your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. You can use bullets where appropriate (i. e. listing elements, defenses, or steps. Ensure you analyze and give reasons for answers as partial credit is given even if the answer is wrong. * Remember always use proper citation when quoting other sources! Place any quoted or borrowed material (even a short phrase) in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage. Even cite paraphrased information. Quoted or paraphrased material should not dominate a student’s work; use it sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Failure to properly cite material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam.Your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. * If you reference your text, it’s OK to just say Jennings, p__. 8. Some of the key study areas are as follows: (while these are key areas remember that the exam is comprehensive for all the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. * TCO A: Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. Schools of thought * Ethical models – yo u will need to apply them to a factual situation much as you did in your midterm * TCO B: Given instances of federal regulation of business and commercial practices, determine the constitutional and regulatory bases for such regulation, and formulate a strategy by which an  impacted business can influence or contest regulating outcomes. * APA * process of regulation promulgation * Legal challenges to regulations (recall our Week 2 assignment, especially #5) TCO C: Given an example of corporate liability arising from the sale of defective and dangerous products, develop a business strategy that includes ethical considerations to minimize liability for claims of product liability and breach of warranty. * Strict Liability 402A – know the elements, relate them to the facts! * Negligence – don’t forget to cite the elements and relate them to the facts! * Warranties – again, expressed and implied, and relate them to the facts. * Defenses to all of these clai ms – don’t forget to use our terms: contributory negligence, assumption of risk, comparative negligence; relate them to the facts! TCO D: Given a business requirement to form a contract for the sale of goods and services to a customer, define the elements of a contract, and determine whether a duly formed contract is enforceable under the common law or Uniform Commercial Code. * Contract formation – remember the elements! * Contract performance * Defenses to contract performance * TCO E: Given specified circumstances of an employment relationship, determine the circumstances under which an employer is liable to an employee for employment discrimination or wrongful discharge. Creation of the agency relationship, including respondeat superior, negligent hiring, etc. * Responsibilities of the agent and principal * Theories of discrimination under Title VII – disparate treatment, impact; don’t forget sexual harassment, which is also covered, as well as age under the ADEA * Defenses to a Title VII charge * Enforcement of Title VII * TCO F: Given specified circumstances of business ownership of real and intellectual property, evaluate the rights of business to the protection of its property and the obligations arising out of the use of the property. Theories to protect business intellectual property (patents, copyright, etc. ) * Know the difference between appropriation (a privacy tort) and misappropriation (trade secrets). * Enforcement of business property rights (e. g. , product disparagement, trademark infringement, etc. ) * Defenses to these claims * TCO G: Given examples of anticompetitive or unfair trade practices, apply applicable antitrust or other consumer protection laws, and determine appropriate business strategies to prevent trade practices liabilities. Statutory protections for consumers * Bankruptcy * Restraints of trade * TCO H: Given a conflict between corporate stakeholders over a business decision, evaluate the legal and ethical responsibilities of corporate directors, officers, and controlling shareholders. * Duties and obligations of directors of a corporation * Insider Trading – be sure you know the elements * TCO I: Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. Principles of international law * Resolution of international disputes * Jurisdiction in a private action between citizens or companies of different countries – understand sovereign immunity and how it applies and who may use it as a defense. * Jennings’s Article â€Å"Why an International Code of Ethics Would be Good† 9. Areas that were discussed in the threads will be prime targets. 10. Assignments will also be prime targets for revisiting. Finally, if you have any questions for me, please post them to our Q;A, or email me. Good luck on the exam!

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Role Of Environment In Language Development Essay Language development refers to the process of acquiring a language during a person’s early stages of development. The process involves language acquisition through learning or by mimicry. As a child continues to develop, the language development in turn moves from simple to complex (Barrett, p 13). For instance, infants do not use a language to communicate after they are born. However, by four months of age, babies are able to use speech sounds and can read lips. This language is referred to as â€Å"gibberish†. As the child continues to develop, he or she learns language by recalling simple words which is then followed by the acquiring of words together with their meaning. Much later a child can be able to join words to form sentences that form a logical meaning. As the child continues to grow older, new associations and meanings are created and language acquisition is characterized by more vocabularies. The environment that surrounds a child during development affects his or her language learning process. The environment may impact negatively or positively on a child’s language development. In both children and adults, an individual’s environmental experiences therefore play a very important role in language skills acquisition (Polinsky, p 15). In this paper, the role of environment on language development in children will be discussed. The paper will focus on the different environments an individual interacts with and how they influence language development. The different environments that will be looked at include; home environment, social, school environment, and child care environment. Discussion Research findings indicate that an individual’s environmental experiences have a great impact on language development. Researchers in the field of language acquisition argue that language learning results from the interactions that the learners have with their surrounding communities. In addition, the cognitive abilities of an individual is important in language learning (Berk, p 24). This hypothesis has been supported by researchers such as Michael Tomasello, Catherine Snow, Elizabeth Bates, and Brian MacWhinney. One of the most important environments in language development is the home environment. Within the family unit, every child interacts with the parents and the other family members. An individual during the early stages of development is able to interact with his or her members of the family at home. According to the Nativist theories, a child is born with an innate propensity for language acquisition. This ability plays a very important role in language acquisition because it makes the task of first language learning in a child to be much easier. Because language is a fundamental part of a human being, then language acquisition becomes a natural part of maturation. The environment that a child experiences at home aims at ensuring that a child through language acquisition reaches maturity (Brian, p 18). Infants begin learning language at home. In addition, adults also continue to learn a language within the family environment. Infants communicate their dispositions, wants, and needs by using their vocal cries, bodies, and preverbal vocalizations. Children learn their first language from the caretakers and the parents they interact with at home. This means that parents, caretakers and other family members through interaction can assist a child to acquire a language. A comfortable and safe environment becomes very important for proper language development. When there are caring and warm relationships at home, then a healthy environment for a child to acquire language is present because a good home environment provides a child with proper environment for learning. On the other hand, a family that experiences conflicts and disagreements deny a child a good learning environment and this undermines the process of language development in the child. For example, the phonological and semantic developmental stages during a child’s language development relies on the environment at home (Ingram, p 75). A healthy home environment ensures that a child’s phonological and semantic developmental periods of language acquisition are not hindered. During the phonological development, a child is able to make speech sounds which are characterized by cooing, babbling, and repetitive constant-vowel combinations. A child depends on a good home environment to make the speech words and to get response from the family members. As the child develops, he or she can pronounce words and can master syllable stress patterns. The semantic development in language acquisition also requires a good home environment. For example, this stage makes a child listen to the mother’s voice, recognize familiar words, and show the use of preverbal gestures. Learning of vocabulary follows and by the time a child reaches between 6 to 10 years of age, they can use words precisely. A good home environment promotes adequate parent participation in language development. Language learning apart from the phonological and semantic stages also includes the grammatical and pragmatics development. In order for a child to undergo these developmental periods appropriately, parents or guardians and other family members should ensure that they provide a good learning environment for the child and to assist a child in language development. Providing support and engaging a child in activities that enhance language acquisition becomes possible in a good home environment. Children who lack a good home environment may experience poor language learning because the home environment affects the normal patterns of language acquisition. Furthermore, a child who fails to receive support from his or her family members may take longer to learn a language. Parent’s responsibility in child language development is well practiced in a good home environment, whereby the baby talk or â€Å"motherese† as a tool of early communication in children is strengthened in a healthy home environment (Pinker, p 52). Apart from the home environment, the school environment influences language development in an individual. A child spends most of his or her time in school when parents or caretakers are engaged in other activities. This makes it very important for the school environment to be favorable for a child during language development. Much of a child’s language development and learning occurs at school. When the school environment is favorable for learning in a child, then it impacts positively to language development. To begin with, a good school environment ensures that a child gets a good learning environment. At school, a child interacts with both the teacher and other classmates and just like parents, teachers are very important in language development. For example, research findings indicate that when parents and teachers speak to children using complex sentences, the children’s ability to comprehend complex sentences increases. Apart from comprehending complexity of language, individuals are able to learn language comprehension. A good school environment encourages a child to learn more about a language and apply the acquired knowledge to communicate. The phonological, semantic, grammatical and pragmatics developmental periods in language learning are influenced by the school environment. All these stages are witnessed in children between 6 and 10 years of age, and this makes it necessary for schools to assist the children to undergo the language learning process successfully. When the school environment is good for language learning, language development in a child becomes possible. Poor learning environment at school on the other hand impacts negatively on . language acquisition. For adults, learning institutions such as universities and colleges allows one to acquire more knowledge and skills in about a certain language. A positive language learning environment at school or other education institutions is due to a teacher’s great experience and knowledge. When the school environment cannot provide children or the learners with the necessary skills in language use, then language learning becomes poor in a child. In this case, interactions that enable children to acquire a language are not provided. At school, interactions and communication between children or students promotes language acquisition since it enables them to apply what they learn in class. Teachers offer assistance to the children as they learn how to pronounce and use words in a given language, and they are able to identify difficult areas in language acquisition. The teachers can then concentrate on teaching in these areas. An unfavorable learning environment at school may result from poor interactions, poor communication and lack of assistance from teachers or tutors. These impacts negatively on the process of language acquisition in individuals (Santrock, p 37). The social environment refers to the environment in the society in which an individual lives in. A social environment can either promote language development or impact negatively on the language acquisition process. A society allows a person to interact with other people whom they share with similar values and culture. Due to the common beliefs, values and traditions that the members of a society may share, interacting with each other promotes socialization which is a very important process in development. Language is used in this process. The social environment affects the cognitive ability of a child as well as the language learning process. The cognitive ability of an individual determines his or her reasoning capacity and intelligence level. An environment in the society that increases the cognitive ability of a person impacts positively on language development. For example, a good social environment increases the intellectual and verbal ability of a person. This makes it easy for one to learn the various aspects of language use (Pan and Snow, p 236). When other members of the society interact with a learner, they are able to enhance the language speaking skills. In addition, new vocabularies and words can be learned through the socialization process and language use is well learned when a person or learner is able to converse with other members of the society. An environment that encourages socialization and sharing of ideas promotes language development. On the other hand, a social environment where members of the society show a minimum level of interaction slows down the process of language acquisition. For instance, children learn different definitions of words by interacting with the members of a community and when an environment prevents this interaction, lack of knowledge and skills about a language undermines language acquisition. Many working parents are unable to spend most of their time with their children since they take their children to child care facilities. These facilities are meant to take care of the child while the parent is absent; hence the child ends up spending a lot of time in such facilities. There is need for parents therefore to realize that a child care facility can either hinder or promote language development in a child. When the child care environment is positive, then a child has the opportunity to develop a language appropriately (Kail, p 43). An environment that undermines language acquisition in a child acts as a setback to language development. Some of the factors that determine whether a child care environment is positive for a child’s language development include; the physical environment, the teacher’s experience and educational background, involvement of children in plays or games, and the presence of warm and caring relationships in the facility. Teachers who are able to listen, talk, and read to the children more often encourage language acquisition in a child. Good relationship in the child care facility prevents quarrels and conflicts that result to a poor learning environment, and a child care facility that introduces a child to real life experiences and to new words contributes positively to language development. For instance, a child care facility that offers learning, exciting and fun activities offers children a great opportunity to learn a language since it encourages a child to listen and speak about their experiences at the facility. Playing is very important for language development and a child care environment that support creative games and fun for the children promotes a child’s language development. Playtime of a child with other children benefits a child’s language environment and it emphasizes on the importance of friendship and sharing. Playing time promotes listening and talking in children, hence skills that are acquired can be used to promote language development. Conclusion Language development is very important for proper child development since it enables an individual to acquire skills and knowledge to communicate with the others. In child development, the first three years of development are very critical in language acquisition and the environment that surrounds an individual during the process of language learning affects language development. The home environment, school environment, social environment, and child care environment all affect language development in a child. It is therefore very important that parents participate in language development by ensuring that these environments impact positively on the language learning process of a child. Works Cited Barrett, Martyn. The Development of Language, London: Psychology Press, pp. 229–50, 1999 Berk, Laura. Child Development. 8th ed. United States of America: Pearson Education, Inc,2009 Brian, MacWhinney. The Emergence of Language. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1999 Ingram, David. 1999. Phonological acquisition, in Barrett M, The Development of Language, London: Psychology Press, p. 73–97 Kail, Robert. Children and Their Development (4 ed. ). Prentice Hall, 2006 Pan, Barbara and Snow, Catherine. The development of conversational and discourse skills, in Barrett M, The Development of Language, London: Psychology Press, pp. 229–50 Pinker, Steven. The Language Instinct; How the Mind Creates Language. London: Allen Lane, 1994 Polinsky, Maria et al. The atlas of languages: the origin and development of languages throughout the world. New York, 2003 Santrock, John. A Topical Approach to Life-Span Development. New York, NY: McGraw- Hill, 2008