Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Election an Example by

Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Elections Winning an election is a very methodical process. It cant be won by sheer luck. The campaign should be planned carefully and systematically executed. If elections are won through deliberations, then the results shouldnt be predictable as we are experiencing it now. Elections are won by the candidates degree of popularity, a large budget for campaign, and good political relations. These elements are the advantages incumbent politicians have over incoming politicians. Need essay sample on "Incumbents vs. New Candidates in Congressional Elections" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed To win the control of the Congress almost equals the importance of winning the control for the Whitehouse. Currently, the balance of power of the opposing political parties is quite close. This is very important because unlike the Parliament system, in the U.S the Congress has separate powers with that of the president. All laws are supposed to be passed first in the Congress. To win control of the Congress means more numbers in politicians having the same agendas, this in turn grant political parties more power over the politics of the government. Although, members of the congress are free to decide whether they are in favor or not in a certain law, they are likely to favor the decision of fellow politicians of the same party. As the clich says, birds of the same feather flock together. Opposing political parties are existing because they cant agree on certain issues therefore there are disputes, and these disputes are won by votes. If there are more party members that won the election and is able to vote in disputes within the Congress, then it is logical that it favors the political party with the most number of politicians. After all, there is considerable strength in numbers. Our Customers Very Often Tell EssayLab specialists: How much do I have to pay someone to write my paper today? Essay writer professionals suggest: Help With Essay Writing Custom Essay Reviews Pay For Essay Best Essay Writing Service Write My Essay Online It is very logical that voters favor candidates that theyve known longer as opposed to the new faces theyve just seen during the campaign period. The time voters learn about a candidate is connected to how much theyve learned from the candidate (Abramowitz 1975). Voters can relate more to incumbents because they can simply review the incumbents performance during their past term/s. It will also favor the incumbent more if he had a decent performance during his or her past term/s. It is not uncommon that in politics a politicians blunder is easily covered-up. Im not stereotyping all politicians, just stating their obvious advantage. Voters are also unlikely to gamble in having put to the hands of a new politician the mercy of their area, especially if the incumbent has done a decent work regarding his political position. Incumbents also have the advantage of the support of their respective political parties. It may come as financial and the predetermined support of their respective partys loyalists. Being part of a political party means wider campaigning capabilities and endorsements of other politicians running for the highest seats in the government. Of course, the non-incumbents also belong to a political party and also gain the same benefits. But they are burdened the task of impressing voters with their credentials and campaign speeches that is only to be exposed to the public during the campaign period. The non-incumbents are burdened the challenge of having a short period for preparations and being typically unknown to the general public. Incumbents practically have their whole past term/s as their campaign period. With the convenience of being uncontested, they also have their names along with the issues and projects concerning their area thus giving the voters more recall of their names. An election study was done in an election in Missouri in 1994. The survey began three days before the actual electionsthe timing of the study overlaps with the most intense part of the congressional campaignThe eight incumbent members up for reelection in the state of Missouri in 1994 faced a range of challengers, from several very weakto a few relatively well financed, serious opponents. Although eight of the Missouri incumbents won decisively, the range of talent they faced allows to demonstrate some of the over-time differences in campaigning between moderately intense and barely contested races. (Elms. Sniderman) Although the date of this study maybe questioned, what it had shown us are trends of decision making within the voting public. A challenging candidate may gain the necessary requirements of a voter, but still a certain amount of time is required for the voter to influence another voter to vote for a challenger. Congressional elections are anticipated as how a new candidate would match up with an incumbent politician, much like between a challenger and a defending champion in boxing. In boxing matches, most bets are placed to the defending champion because they proven that they can win their matches and are likely to win again. This has been a common trend in the past elections. This trend has been cutting the number of credible candidates because it has been difficult for them to beat incumbents in elections. New candidates must surpass the efforts of the incumbents. Incumbents are there from the very starts, and so challengers must find ways to deal with that fact. They should gain popularity way before they even proclaim their plans of candidacy, this is to somehow be at par with the time span incumbents do their campaigning which is during their term/s. If ever the challenger wins the election, this cycle will repeats itself in the next election as new challengers for the coveted seat em erge. Works Cited Abramowitz A. The 2004 Congressional Elections. The American Political Science Association. Abramowitz A. Name Familiarity, Reputation, and the Incumbency Effect in Congressional Elections. Western Political Quarterly, 1975 Aldrich J. H. Congresional elections. International Information programs. Barone, Michael, and Ujifusa G. The Almanac of American Politics 1996. Washington, DC: National Journal 1995 Elms and Sniderman P. M. Informational Rhythms of Incombent-Dominated Congressional Elections. Jacobson G. C. The Politics of Congressional Elections. USA: Longman, 2001 Jacobson G. C. and Kernel S. Strategy and Choice in Congressional Elections. USA: Yale UP, 1981

Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John

Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John Extra Credit Gallery Review I chose a piece from the San Diego Museum of Art in Balboa Park entitled the â€Å"Eve of Saint John†, painted by Peter Hurd. Also known as â€Å"Noche de San Juan† due to the strong hispanic influence in the artists’ life. Born in Roswell, New Mexico, Hurd originally was destined to be in the military for one Hurd had fought in every American war since the French and Indian war in the dawn of our country. Peter was formally known as Hugh Hurd then changed his name in his teens because his parents had been calling him Pete since he was a child. Peter dropped out of the West Point Military Academy due to the rigorous physical and mental stress and devoted his life to the arts. He moved back to Roswell and spent most of his life there. The â€Å"Eve of Saint John† was painted in 1960 on his ranch in New Mexico. The little girl in the depiction is the daughter of Hurd’s ranch foreman and is alive today, still living in Roswell. The child, Doretea Herrera, at the time was twelve years of age and is on her way to a church function holding a candle in her hands. The artist chose to add a lot of detail to even the background of the painting, but I will focus right now on the main image on the board. The girl in the painting has extremely soft skin, which is accomplished by light brush strokes to the cheeks and arms. Her face has many different colors of pink, peach and brown, highlighted with bright white from the candle. She holds the candle in her left hand and shields the flame from view with her right. The brightness from the candle flame can be seen through the cracks between her fingers and is achieved by using brightly colored paint in those areas. The flame barely breaks the plane between the top of her right hand and the background. The girl has sharp facial features not seen often in Mexican or Hispanic peoples, but... Free Essays on Eve Of Saint John William Shakespeare is himself a man of mystery. Many facts myths exists about him, as if to say he had many chapters in his life. A complete, authoritative account of Shakespeare’s life is lacking, and thus much supposition surrounds relatively few facts that are known. It is commonly accepted that he was born in 1564, and it is known that he was baptized in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. He is perhaps the best known English playwright and poet, recognized in much of the world as the greatest of all dramatists. Shakespeare’s plays communicate a profound knowledge of human behavior, revealed through portrayals of a wide variety of characters. His use of poetic and dramatic means to create a unified aesthetic effect out of an array of multiple vocal expressions and actions is recognized as a singular achievement. â€Å"Poetic lyrics within his plays express the deepest levels of human motivation in individual, social, and universal situations. This considered one of the greatest accomplishments in literary history†(Volume S, 324)#. To understand Shakespeare’s point of view you have to understand his background. The third of eight children, he was probably educated at the local grammar school. As the eldest son, Shakespeare ordinarily would have been apprenticed to his father’s shop so that he could learn and eventually take over the business, but according to one account he was apprenticed to a butcher because of declines in his father’s financial situation. According to another account, he became a schoolmaster#. In 1582 Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway, the daughter of a farmer. He is supposed to have left Stratford after he was caught poaching in the deer park of Sir Thomas Lucy, a local justice of the peace. Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway had a daughter in 1583 and twins, a boy and a girl, in 1585. The boy did not survive. Shakespeare apparently arrived in London about 1588 and by 1592 had attained success as an actor an...

The great gatsby Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The great gatsby - Movie Review Example The important credits of the American Dream as presented in the novel are hope and perseverance and aspiration for success facing all difficult challenges. To be ambitious and work hard with an unquenchable thirst about adventurous life! Jay Gatsby is supposed to pursue all these qualities and he is the main character in the novel representing American Dream. He is fired by the everlasting hope and craves to win Daisy’s love in tandem with the spirit of the American Dream. A pre-decided goal and the relentless pursuit of that goal! His introduction in the novel is dramatic and the author describes it thus: "†¦[with] his hands in his pockets†¦ out to determine what share was his of our local heavens †¦.he [Gatsby] stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way,†¦ he was trembling. Involuntarily I glanced seaward-and distinguished nothing except a single green light, minute and far away, that might have been the end of a dock" (Fitzgerald 21). The restless spirit of Gatsby is evident in this description. The green light is the symbol for his intense desire to possess Daisy, craze for money and he is not satisfied with his present possessions; he craves to achieve and accumulate more. But what is the reality? Nick describes it and argues that the green light is the symbol for success that he is anticipating in the future, by further accelerating the efforts. Undoubtedly, Gatsby’s goal provides him with a direction in life, but in his aggression to move forward he has no time to pause, review or look backward. He chases his dream of securing eternal company with Daisy and, subsequently, he waits patiently for a long time near her house but she has abandoned him. In his effort to emulate the modern face of the American Dream, he has lost touch with the pure, original American Dream. Loss of ethical values is the cause for the shattering of the

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation Dissertation

DRUG TRAFFICKING AND ORGANISED CRIME,the government's (categorisation and attitude) perception towards drugs and the impact i - Dissertation Example Various studies revealed that nearly two-thirds of the organised crime groups primarily deal in drugs, though there are instances where some of these gang syndicates have expanded into other illicit and financially lucrative activities like human trafficking. The UK drug networking is not confined to the major city centres but has now expanded to spread it tentacles into the small towns, which, researches show is directly proportional to the increase in serious violence. Indeed, the basic feature of this of drug based organised criminal syndicate is not simply in the nature of its illegality but the perpetual willingness to use violent means protect and earn more profits. This article will study to find how the government and law enforcement agencies view and work to counter this extensive network of criminality that reaches into every community. Much of the criminology studies and the criminal laws tend to focus on the criminal activities perpetuated by individuals, owing to the fact that generally individual criminals are apprehended and sent for prosecution, even though they may actually be a part of a larger criminal gang. However, in the recent years we find that there is a growing interest amongst experts towards studying the structure of various criminal organisations that consist of a group of individuals come together to commit crimes, which are financially lucrative. UNDFOC which is major organisation fighting against this rising menace claims in its website that â€Å"Transnational organized crime is considered as one of the major threats to human security, impeding the social, economic, political and cultural development of societies worldwide. It is a multi-faceted phenomenon and has manifested itself in different activities, among others, drug trafficking, trafficking in human beings; trafficking in firearms; smuggling of migrants; money laundering; etc. In particular drug trafficking is one of the main activities of organized crime groups, generating enormous profits.  UNODC works closely with Governments, international organizations and civil society to strengthen cooperation to counter the pervasive influence of organized crime and drug trafficking†(UNODC and organized crime, 2011). This type of organised crime has spread very fast in almost all spheres of criminal activities, especially in the areas, which are highly profitable i n nature like human trafficking for sexual exploitation, various forms of cyber crimes, and drug trafficking, amongst many others (Fiorentini, & Peltzman, 1995). Organised crime comprises of â€Å"organised violence; heroin and other drug trafficking; organised immigration crime; non-fiscal and fiscal fraud; firearms offences; road freight crime; theft of vehicles for profit or to facilitate other crime; robbery of cash and valuables in transit; and intellectual property crime† (Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary –getting organised, 2009, 6). Perpetrators of the organised criminal activities always function with the primary motive of procuring huge profits (Reuter, &

Tupac Shakur Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tupac Shakur - Research Paper Example Tupac Shakur developed a rap group called Strictly Dope with the help of his friends, Ray Luv and DJ Dize (Predoc 1). In the year 2001, the album "the lost tapes† was released on the name of Tupac Shakur. From the beginning, Tupac Shakur was making music with group members but at the end, he moved into solo career due to some individual reasons (Scattergood 1). In the year 1991, the solo debut album of Tupac Shakur was released which was entitled as â€Å"2Pacalypse now† (Covey, 81). The release of his debut album made Tupac Shakur one of the most famous controversial rappers in the hip-hop industry. The released album got the huge accolade from the public music lovers. Some of the hit singles from the debut album of Tupac Shakur are â€Å"Brenda got a Baby† and â€Å"Trapped† which rapidly made him popular among the music lovers (Beatty 61). Next album of Tupac Shakur was â€Å"Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z.† It was the masterpiece of music and lyrics. The album was related to the controversies that were surrounded by him. The album had the special appearance from other controversial rappers, such as Ice Cube and West Coast rappers. Similar to his first album, this particular album of Tupac Shakur was at number four on the chart of R & B. In the course of the later stage, Tupac Shakur was involved in several conflicts with other members of record-label and rappers. In the year 1996, Tupac Shakur was shot several times in the shooting during driving (Assata Shakur 1).  

Effect of GA3 on Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato

Effect of GA3 on Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato Effect of GA3 on Some Biochemical Attributes and Yield of Summer Tomato M. S. Rahman, Md. Azadul Haque and Md. G. Mostofa Abstract An experiment was carried out in pots at Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture, Mymensingh, during March to July 2012 to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of GA3 on biochemical parameters at different growth stages in order to maximize the yield of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2. The concentrations of GA3 used were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm and they were applied at three stages, namely root soaking of seedlings before transplanting, vegetative and flowering stages. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Results indicated that the highest chlorophyll and soluble protein contents were recorded when GA3 was applied through root soaking followed by vegetative stage and the lowest was found at the flowering stage. In contrast, the highest nitrate reductase activity was observed when GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage and the lowest activity was recorded at the flowering stage. The applications of 50-75 ppm GA3 had significantly encouraged the bio-chemical parameters studied at 50 DAT. The amount of GA3 applied at different stages had significant influence on the yield and yield attributes of summer tomato. The highest plant height was recorded when 50 ppm of GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage. While, the longest time to first fruit setting was required when the roots of the seedlings were soaked in 100 ppm GA3 solution. The application of 50 ppm GA3 by root soaking had significantly increased the number of flowers, fruits and fruit yield per plant but similar performances were achieved when only 25 ppm GA3 was applied at the flowering stage. The fruit yield of tomato per plant increased linearly with the increased number of flowers and fruits per plant. Keywords: Concentration, Chlorophyll, GA3, Soluble protein, Nitrate reductase activity Introduction Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) is one of the most popular and nutritious vegetables of Bangladesh. Tomato is cultivated all over the country due to its adaptability to a wide range of soil and climate. Normally tomato is grown in winter season due to its requirements for temperate climate. Hence, it is difficult to grow tomato in summer season due to adverse climatic conditions, such as high temperature, high rain fall, hailstorms, etc. Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) has developed some tomato varieties to cultivate in summer season. But the yield potential of these varieties can not be achieved due to the above mentioned climatic conditions. In summer season, tomato can however be successfully grown under glasshouse conditions. But it is not possible for the poor farmers to go for large scale production in glasshouses because it is highly expensive and need technical skills. The other option is the use of plant growth regulators to minimize the effect of harsh e nvironments in order to maximize the yield of summer tomato. Results of some studies indicated that the application of Gibberellic acid (GA3) had significantly increased the number of fruits per plant than the untreated controls (Tomar and Ramgiry, 1997). Adlakha and Verma (1964) reported that the application of GA3 on flower cluster resulted in an increase in fruit weight. To increase the yield as well as to avoid flower and fruit dropping, application of GA3 at optimum concentration and at right time is important. Gibberellic acid has great effects on plant physiological systems including fruit setting, leaf expansion, germination, breaking dormancy, increasing fruit size, improving fruit quality and in many other aspects of plant growth and thereby on crop production. Keeping the above circumstances in view, the present study was under taken to evaluate the performance of GA3 on biochemical properties, growth and yield attributes and to determine the optimum time and concentratio n of GA3 application in order to maximize the yield of Binatomato-2. Materials and Methods A pot experiment was conducted with tomato var. Binatomato-2 at the experimental site of Crop Botany Department, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during March to July 2012. Five levels of GA3 (Gibberellic Acid) viz. 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 ppm were applied at (i) seedling stage by root soaking before transplanting (ii) vegetative stage [20 days after transplanting (DAT)] and (iii) flowering stage (40 DAT) by hand sprayer. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Twelve kilograms of sun-dried sandy loam soil and cow dung, urea, TSP and MP @ 583.33, 2.9, 2.54 and 1.81 g/pot corresponding to 10 tons, 400, 350 and 250 kg/ha were applied in each pot. Before pot filling, full doses of TSP, MP and cow dung were thoroughly mixed with the soil. Half of the urea was applied during transplanting and the remaining half at vegetative stage. Intercultural operations were done as and when necessary. Data on yield and yield contributing c haracters were recorded at final harvest. Biochemical analyses viz. chlorophyll, soluble protein contents and nitrate reductase activities in leaves were estimated at 50 DAT following the methods of Arnon (1949), Lowery et al. (1951) and Stewart and Orebamjo (1979). Data were analyzed statistically to find out the level of significance using MSTAT-C package programme (Russel, 1986) and significant differences among the treatments were adjudged by Duncan`s New Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance (Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Results and Discussion There were significant differences among the treatments in respect of chlorophyll content, soluble protein content and nitrate reductase (NR) activities in tomato leaves at 50 DAT (Table 1). The highest chlorophyll content in leaves was obtained when the roots of seedlings were soaked in GA3 solutions before transplanting, which was identical to the application of GA3 at vegetative stage. The lowest chlorophyll content was found in plants when GA3 was applied at the flowering stage. Chlorophyll content in leaves was influenced significantly due to the application of different concentrations of GA3. The highest chlorophyll content was found from 100 ppm GA3 followed by 75 ppm and the lowest was found from the control, which was identical to those obtained from the application of 25 and 50 ppm of GA3. Chlorophyll content increased with increased concentrations of GA3. The application of GA3 through root soaking of seedlings and at vegetative stages resulted in the highest but similar soluble protein contents in tomato leaves and the lowest was found when it was applied at the flowering stage. The soluble protein content in leaves was also significantly influenced by the application of variable levels of GA3. The highest content was recorded with 50 ppm and the lowest content was recorded with 100 ppm GA3 which indicated that soluble protein content in leaves increased significantly until the application of 50 ppm and thereafter decreased with further increase in GA3 concentrations. Adlakha and Verma (1964) also reported that 50 ppm GA3 had appreciably increased the protein content in leaves. The maximum nitrate reductase activity was recorded at vegetative stage. The lowest was observed in flowering stage and this was similar to the activity performed when GA3 was applied through root soaking. Nitrate reductase activity was significantly influenced by the application of different concentrations of GA3. The maximum nitrate reductase activity was recorded with 75 ppm GA3 and the minimum was found from the control. Spraying of 50 and 75 ppm GA3 did not show any difference in NR activities at 40 days after planting. The applications of GA3 at different stages of plant growth resulted in significant influence on yield and yield attributes of summer tomato. The highest plant height was recorded when GA3 was applied at the vegetative stage and the lowest height was recorded at the flowering stage. GA3 had significant influence on plant height. It increased until the application of 50 ppm and declined remarkably with further increase in GA3 concentrations. The interactions between stage and concentrations of GA3 indicated that the application of 50 ppm of GA3 at the vegetative stage encouraged vigorous plant growth and thereby resulted in the highest plant height. There was no significant difference among the stages of hormone application in respect of time to first fruit setting. The maximum number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant was produced when GA3 was applied through root soaking followed by the vegetative stage. All those parameters showed the lowest results when GA3 was applied at flowering stage. Similar result was also reported by Kaushik et al., 1974. They applied GA3 at vegetative stage and obtained increased fruit weight per plant. Sanyal et al. (1995) observed that foliar application was more effective than root soaking of seedlings. GA3 concentrations had statistically significant effect on plant height, time to first fruit setting, number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant. The highest plant height was found with the application of 50 ppm GA3 which was identical to 25 ppm and the lowest was found from the control. The maximum time for first fruit setting was required when GA3 was applied at 100 ppm and t he lowest time was required with lower concentrations of GA3. The maximum number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant was produced with 50 ppm GA3 application and the lowest was recorded with 100 ppm. Saleh and Abdul (1980) reported similar result from their experiment. They found that GA3 at 50 ppm decreased the total number of flowers per plant but increased the total yield. Hossain (1974), Adlakha and Verma (1995) found that the application of 50 ppm GA3 had increased the fruit setting, while Saleh and Abdul (1980) observed that GA3 at 25 or 50 ppm had increased the total yield of tomato compared to the control. Sanyal et al. (1995) also found that 50 ppm of GA3 had profound effect on the yield of tomato. The interaction between GA3 concentrations and stages of application indicated that the highest number of flowers, fruits and fruit weight per plant were produced when GA3 was applied through root soaking of seedlings at 50 ppm which was identical to the application of 50 ppm at vegetative stage or 25 ppm at flowering stage. A positive and linear relationship was found between the number of flowers per plant and fruit weight per plant (r = 0.96**) (Figure 1), number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant (r = 0.99**) (Figure 2) which indicated that the fruit yield of tomato is highly influenced by the production of flowers and the retention of fruits per plant irrespective of the stage and amount of GA3 applied in tomato plants. Conclusion It was revealed from the study that application of GA3 at the rate of 50-75 ppm by root soaking and at vegetative stage increased biochemical properties as well as increase the number of flowers, fruits and fruit yield per plant of Binatomato-2. It can be concluded that foliar application of 50 ppm Gibberelic acid on Binatomato-2 variety provide the best result in terms of biochemical attributes and yield. References Adlakha, P. A. Verma, S. K. (1964). Effect of gibberellic acid on the quality of tomato fruit. Punjab Horticulture Journal. 4 (3-4), 148-151. Adlakha, P. A. Verma, S. K. 1995. Effect of gibberellic acid on fruiting and yield of tomatoes. Science and Culture 31, 301-303. Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts, polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology. 24, 1-5. Briant, R. E. (1974). An analysis of the effect of gibberellic acid on tomato leaf growth. Journal of . Experimental Botany. 25, 764-771. Gomez, K. A. Gomez, A. A. (1984). Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. (2nd ed.). International Rice Research Institute. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 139-240. Hossain, M. A. E. (1974). Studies on the effect of parachlorophenoxy acetic acid and gibberellic acid on the production of tomato. M. Sc. Ag. Thesis, Dep. of Horticulture, Banglaesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. Hunt, R. (1978). Plant growth analysis studies in biology. Edward Arnold Ltd. London, p. 67. Kaushik, M. P., Sharma, J. K. Singh, I. (1974). Effect of alpha naphthalene acetic acid , gibberellic acid , kinetin and morphactin on yield of tomato. Plant Science. 6, 51-53. Lowerry, O. H., Roserrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biology and Chemistry 193, 265-275. Rusell, D. F.(1986). MSTAT-C Package Programme. Crop and Soil Science Department, Michigan State University, USA. Saleh, M. M. S. Abdul, K. S. (1980). Effect of gibberellic acid and cycocel on growth, flowering and fruiting of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants. Mesopotamia Journal of Agriculture 15(1), 137-166. Sanyal, D., Kar, P. L. Longkumar, M. (1995). Effect of growth regulators on the physico-chemical composition of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Advances in Hort. And Forestry, 4, 67-71. Stewart, G.R. Orebamjo, T.O. (1979). Some unusual characteristics of nitrate reduction in Erythrina senegalensis DC . New Phytology 83, 311-319. Tomar, I. S. Ramgiry, S. R. (1997). Effect of growth regulators on yield and yield attributes in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Advance Plant Science 10 (2), 29-31. Table 1. Effect of GA3 application at different stages of plant growth on bio- chemical parameters of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2 at 40 DAT In a column, figures having similar letter(s) do not differ significantly at 5% level of probability by DMRT. Table 2. Effect of GA3 application at different stages of plant growth on yield and yield components of summer tomato var. Binatomato-2 In a column, figures having similar letter(s) do not differ significantly at 5% level of probability by DMRT. Significant at 5% level, ** Significant at 1% level

Turtles Hatching :: essays research papers

Turtles Hatching The poem Mark O’Connor wrote â€Å"Turtles Hatching† at a time in his life when was closely studying nature. In this poem Mark O’Connor closely observes turtles hatching and contemplates the ritual that turtles share with the beach. This poem also has close connotations to life cycle and family. Mark O’Connor begins the poem with one single line which emphasis the information that he is giving the reader. The continuation of this line from the rest of the poem to the next without a pause creates an urgency, which is used to emphasis the situation. In the second stanza Mark O’Connor sets the scene as the turtles, â€Å"break through to twilight.† The poet uses imperatives and personification of the elements in the line, â€Å"Downhill, fast; when you hit water, swim.† This technique is used to let the reader into the turtle’s head so they can feel the instinct that is overcoming them. The poet uses lining in this poem to create stresses on words at the beginning of lines such as, ‘last, will be picked’. Creating a new line between last and will creates a tone of finality, which is associated with last. In the second stanza Mark O’Connor sums up the odds for the turtles notifying the reader of the terrible fact that only one in a hundred will survive. This is used as a shock treatment towards the reader, which makes this figure stand out even more. Mark O’Connor uses an extended metaphor that begins in the second stanza and returns again in the fourth. This technique is used to create a special prominence on the line â€Å"high-revving toys†. In the forth stanza the poet uses hyperboles like â€Å"castles and every hole an abyss,† to create vivid visual imagery emphasising the peril of the turtles situation. â€Å"Scrambling, sand, scrabbling, slime, sculling and sand pools† are examples of alliteration, which slows down the line when spoken. In this poem there are military contexts like â€Å"death lane† which portray through visual imagery images such as trench fighting. In the sixth stanza Mark O’Connor creates contrast between reality and the minds of the turtles, the line, â€Å"Caught in cracks† shows how they think they’re safe when really they’re not. Throughout this poem Mark O’Connor reinforces a biological imperative, which is shown through words such as, oceans, limbs and nature. This is used to create a friendly and informative tone. The seventh stanza is suddenly written as though a human voice has suddenly taken over and began reading the poem.

Mgt 520 Final Exam Study

MGMT520 Final Exam Study Guide Finals open on Saturday April 20  at 12:01 a. m. MT (Saturday morning) Finals close on Thursday April 25 at 11:59 p. m. MT (Thursday night) PLEASE DON’T WAIT TILL THE LAST MINUTE – THE SYSTEM IS BUSY AND MAY SLOW DOWN AND ANYTHING CAN HAPPEN. YOU MAY WANT TO PRINT THIS GUIDE. 1. The final exam is â€Å"open book, open notes. † The maximum time you can spend in the exam is 3 hours, 30 minutes. If you have not clicked the Submit For Grade button by then, you will be automatically exited from the exam.In the final exam environment, the Windows clipboard is disabled, and so you will not be able to copy exam questions or answers to or from other applications. There are three pages to your final, and each page begins with a story. The stories are quite interesting and will make the questions flow easily. The questions that follow are then taken from each story. There is a little overlap. Remember questions are scrambled, so while they v ary, all TCO’s will be tested. 2. You should click the Save Answers button in the exam frequently.This helps prevent connection timeouts that might occur with certain Internet Service Providers, and also minimizes lost answers in the event of connection problems. If your internet connection does break, when you reconnect you will normally be able to get back into your final exam without any trouble. Remember, though, that the exam timer continues to run while students are disconnected, so students should try to re-login as quickly as possible. The Help Desk cannot grant any student additional time on the exam. . See Syllabus â€Å"Due Dates for Assignments & Exams† for due date information. 4. Reminders: * You will only be able to enter your online Final Exam one time * Click the â€Å"Save Answers† button often * If you lose your Internet connection during your Final Exam, logon again and try to access your Final Exam. If you are unable to enter the Final Exam, contact first the help desk and then your instructor. * You will always be able to see the time remaining in the Final Exam at the top right of the page . Assessments with Multiple Pages: * Make sure you click the â€Å"Save Answers† button before advancing to the next page (we also suggest clicking on save answers while you are working) * Complete all of the pages before submitting your Final Exam for instructor review; check your work and be sure to answer all the parts of questions. * Do NOT use your browser's ‘Back' and ‘Forward' buttons during the Final Exam * Please use the provided links for navigation 6. Submitting Your Final Exam: When you are finished with the Final Exam, click on the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button * Please note: Once you click the â€Å"Submit for Grade† button, you will NOT be able to edit or change any of your answers 7. Exam Questions * The final exam covers all course TCOs and Weeks 1-7. * The exam has two short answe r questions worth 15 points each (TCO I and D. ) (Plan about 10 minutes each). * The exam has 7 essay questions worth 30 points each (TCO A, B, C, E, F, G, and H) (Plan about 23-25 minutes each. ) This gives you about a 30 minute buffer. The exam has a total of 240 points. * The final exam contains 3 pages, which can be completed in any order. You may go back and forth between the pages. * On the short answer questions, just answer the question asked, with any brief detail to explain why you answered that way. If a list is requested, provide it. * On the essay questions your answers should be succinct, fully address each part of the question, and demonstrate your knowledge and understanding in a concise but complete answer. You can use bullets where appropriate (i. e. listing elements, defenses, or steps. Ensure you analyze and give reasons for answers as partial credit is given even if the answer is wrong. * Remember always use proper citation when quoting other sources! Place any quoted or borrowed material (even a short phrase) in quotation marks with the source (URL, author/date/page #) immediately following the end of the passage. Even cite paraphrased information. Quoted or paraphrased material should not dominate a student’s work; use it sparingly to support your own thoughts, ideas, and examples. Failure to properly cite material can jeopardize a passing grade on the exam.Your work may be submitted to turnitin. com, an online plagiarism checking service. * If you reference your text, it’s OK to just say Jennings, p__. 8. Some of the key study areas are as follows: (while these are key areas remember that the exam is comprehensive for all the assigned course content and this study guide may not be all inclusive. * TCO A: Given an organizational requirement to conform business practices to both the law and best ethical practices, apply appropriate ethical theories to shape a business decision. Schools of thought * Ethical models – yo u will need to apply them to a factual situation much as you did in your midterm * TCO B: Given instances of federal regulation of business and commercial practices, determine the constitutional and regulatory bases for such regulation, and formulate a strategy by which an  impacted business can influence or contest regulating outcomes. * APA * process of regulation promulgation * Legal challenges to regulations (recall our Week 2 assignment, especially #5) TCO C: Given an example of corporate liability arising from the sale of defective and dangerous products, develop a business strategy that includes ethical considerations to minimize liability for claims of product liability and breach of warranty. * Strict Liability 402A – know the elements, relate them to the facts! * Negligence – don’t forget to cite the elements and relate them to the facts! * Warranties – again, expressed and implied, and relate them to the facts. * Defenses to all of these clai ms – don’t forget to use our terms: contributory negligence, assumption of risk, comparative negligence; relate them to the facts! TCO D: Given a business requirement to form a contract for the sale of goods and services to a customer, define the elements of a contract, and determine whether a duly formed contract is enforceable under the common law or Uniform Commercial Code. * Contract formation – remember the elements! * Contract performance * Defenses to contract performance * TCO E: Given specified circumstances of an employment relationship, determine the circumstances under which an employer is liable to an employee for employment discrimination or wrongful discharge. Creation of the agency relationship, including respondeat superior, negligent hiring, etc. * Responsibilities of the agent and principal * Theories of discrimination under Title VII – disparate treatment, impact; don’t forget sexual harassment, which is also covered, as well as age under the ADEA * Defenses to a Title VII charge * Enforcement of Title VII * TCO F: Given specified circumstances of business ownership of real and intellectual property, evaluate the rights of business to the protection of its property and the obligations arising out of the use of the property. Theories to protect business intellectual property (patents, copyright, etc. ) * Know the difference between appropriation (a privacy tort) and misappropriation (trade secrets). * Enforcement of business property rights (e. g. , product disparagement, trademark infringement, etc. ) * Defenses to these claims * TCO G: Given examples of anticompetitive or unfair trade practices, apply applicable antitrust or other consumer protection laws, and determine appropriate business strategies to prevent trade practices liabilities. Statutory protections for consumers * Bankruptcy * Restraints of trade * TCO H: Given a conflict between corporate stakeholders over a business decision, evaluate the legal and ethical responsibilities of corporate directors, officers, and controlling shareholders. * Duties and obligations of directors of a corporation * Insider Trading – be sure you know the elements * TCO I: Given specified circumstances of a business decision to expand to international markets, determine what international legal requirements or regulatory controls apply. Principles of international law * Resolution of international disputes * Jurisdiction in a private action between citizens or companies of different countries – understand sovereign immunity and how it applies and who may use it as a defense. * Jennings’s Article â€Å"Why an International Code of Ethics Would be Good† 9. Areas that were discussed in the threads will be prime targets. 10. Assignments will also be prime targets for revisiting. Finally, if you have any questions for me, please post them to our Q;A, or email me. Good luck on the exam!

Freedom to Wed essays

Freedom to Wed essays Same-sex marriages are illegal in California, as well as many other states. Two people in love, no matter what their sexual orientation, race, or status should be allowed to wed. The institution of marriage has been controversial for centuries. It was only after the civil war that African-Americans could wed in the United States. People of different races were not allowed to marry until 1967, when the US Supreme Court ruled they could. People in same-sex relationships are facing the same battles fought and won by African-American and mixed race couples of the past. Marriage is a basic human right and the state should not interfere with a couples choice to wed. By interfering and condemning same-sex marriages and unions, the state is discriminating against those in such a relationship. Most people do not understand that marriage comes with benefits and privileges that same-sex couples are denied. When a heterosexual couple marries the state grants them about 400 rights and the federal government grants and additional 1,000 benefits. Some of these benefits are taken for granted by heterosexual couples. Why does a married man have the right to visit his dying wife in the hospital while in a similar situation, the partner of another man must sit in the waiting room and be treated like a stranger? If we asked people if this was fair, most would say no. But, by not allowing same-sex marriages we are denying couples this privilege. People that are against same-sex marriage have said that by allowing same-sex couples to marry we are undermining the sacredness of marriage. I do not see how. How is it any less sacred for two loving people, who happen to be of the same sex, to take vows and commit to their relationship than it is for two people of the opposite sex? What I find more harmful to the sacredness of marriage is when two people whom are not committed to each other get married. What is sacred ...

Aztecs of Mexico Essay

Aztecs of Mexico Essay Aztecs of Mexico Essay The Aztec Indians created a great civilization in Central Mexico, reaching its peak in the 1500’s. Being late arrivals to the area, and because of their strong neighboring nations, they were forced to live in the swampy western areas of the Lake Texcoco. Because of the swampy surroundings, the Aztecs used mud to create miniature islands in the swamps. These islands are called chinampas, or â€Å"floating gardens,† and were used as farming lands. On these fertile islands they grew corn, squash, vegetables, and flowers. Being an agriculturally dependent empire, the Aztec’s religion was based highly on the forces of nature and worshipped them as gods. The god of war, Huitzilopochtli, was the most important deity. They had many other important gods, such as Tlaloc, the god of rain, Quetzalcoatl, the god of wind and of learning, and Tenochtitlan, the sun god. The Aztecs believed in order to appease these and many other gods that they needed to perform human sacrifices. The main purpose of the great Aztec pyramids was, in fact, human sacrifices. They also believed that there were â€Å"lucky† and â€Å"unlucky† days for baptism and to declare war on, which were decided by a priest. Most art and architecture in the Aztec civilization was based on their religion. There are many brightly colored murals and paintings on walls and on bark which depict religious ceremonies, along with large idols of gods. One of the most amazing and famous of the Aztec’s art works is a huge calendar stone that

BU6602 ENT Assignment 1 April 2014 Task 1 Essay

BU6602 ENT Assignment 1 April 2014 Task 1 - Essay Example The small businesses have gained popularity in this modern day context due to their effective utilisation of operational modes that often acted as saviours of economies at the time of economic turmoil. However, it can be affirmed that entrepreneurs are linked with a small business, as they are involved in the tasks of promoting innovation and preparing themselves for addressing along with mitigating underlying risks that might occur while performing varied operational functions (Pearson Education, Inc., 2014). Considering the fact that the small business enterprises often possess limited resources, the entrepreneurs have to be much more efficient in organising and developing the available resources so that the maximum amount of benefits can be reaped. Moreover, the entrepreneurs must possess the characteristics of making effective decisions, having high energy level, identifying the risks and adopting measures to mitigate such risks among others in order to fulfil the aforesaid objective (Pearson Education, Inc., 2014). It has been apparently observed that the entrepreneurs or the owners who possess effective leadership qualities and displays innovative skills are successful in developing their respective small businesses (Stokes & Wilson, 2010). With this concern, the essay tends to critically discuss the provided statement â€Å"sometimes the manager of the small business does not have the capacity to operate it successfully. The owner lacks the leadership ability and knowledge necessary to make the business work† (Scarborough, 2012). Various significant aspects like an entrepreneurs’ role in developing a small business and the necessary skills that require by the managers or the owners would also be taken into concern while discussing the aforesaid statement. As discussed by Mazzarol (2004), strategic management is a term, which is broadly connected with large, medium as well as small-sized businesses that are normally

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality Essay

Gender Equality; is it a myth or a reality - Essay Example Men and women has different brain structure and physical functioning, they also react to situations differently hence gender equality is a myth.(Thesis) Naturally men are superior to women and there is lots of scientific evidence attached to it. By physical appearance itself, men have superiority due to their muscle built and structural composition. Men are more confident in their walk, communication and interaction in daily life. Men are practical and do not get emotional like women. Women due to their feeble mind get quickly afflicted emotionally and take decision that is wrong or inappropriate. Generally speaking, women need protection from men in all dire situations like natural calamities, physical contingencies and financial distresses. God created men to support and protect women as she is a delicate creation both in physical and emotional sense. Men and women are both created by God and they have a purpose which does not conflict with one another. If men have strong physique and practicality, women have tolerance, patience and sacrificing quality which is equally appreciative. Men alone are not able to manage and control a family life, as it needs hard effort and contribution from women too. If men have social responsibilities then women have the responsibility to take control of home, children and husband which is a demanding task. As per (MLC, 2003)†Men are physically stronger. By nature, they are usually more aggressive and externally oriented. In contrast, a woman usually embodies the ideal of inner dignity. Men are physically strong but the emotional and mental strength of women is empowering†. Men and women have complementing relationship and it is not contradictory as many think. God has not made anything conflicting in nature, all creation whether man or woman has equal value in eyes of nature. Man and women complement each other emotionally,