Professional Development of the Nursing Professionals Essay Example for Free

Professional Development of the Nursing Professionals EssayIn 2010 the affordable Care ACT was signed into law. With these laws, the United States is being provided an opportunity to completely redesign its wellness care frame. The model includes heath care that is easier to access, affordable by all, higher safety standards, and higher quality with improved diligent outcomes (Robert forest Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). The United States health care workforce is largely comprised of nurse vocationals. Their map can be pivotal with the reorganization, but are faced with a number of barriers. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and the IOM responded to the need for the assessment and transformation of the nursing profession by producing a report which provides recommendations for the future of nursing.Within this report, four key messages were created, the first three being our focus today * arrests should use their education and instruct to its fullest extent * N urses should expand their education levels and training via seamless, progressive educational models * Nurses should play a leading role with other health care professionals to reorganize health care * Improved medical health records data and containment systems for more efficient planning and policy creation (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010).Obtaining an RN degree should be only the beginning of the lifelong learning make for nursing professionals. Obtaining a higher degree level (BSN or above) should be a smooth process which is encouraged and rewarded. The report recommends licensing, certifying and accrediting bureaus create mandatory competencies and evidence of skills mastery as a complement to the degree program and board exams (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine,2010). This will ensure effective critical thinking processes and annex patient safety. Creating a more diverse nursing population will open otherwise previous barriers to this vastly expa nding field, while allowing the patient population to widen their views of what nursing really entales. After all, the nursing population should be as diverse as the patient population. Finally, educating nursing students alongside other health professionals, including physicians, throughout their nursing careers will encourage them to become future leaders working collaboratively together. (Cresaia Friberg, 2010)The Affordable Care encounter of 2010 will challenge health professionals to create a more patient centered system. Opening new opportunities for expanding the nursing role and scope will inspection and repair to bridge the gap in care for chronic conditions, preventative medicine, palliative care, and coordination and transition of care (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). By delivering care to the community and instruction on wellness, prevention and education, healthcare will again be reinvented and adapt to the growing needs of the communities. Creati ng new careers and scopes of practice for advanced degree nurses will enable patients to have easier access to health care, and more affordable care. Advanced degree nurses are known to provide longer consultations, and provide more education-based, preventative medicine, and increase recall (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, Grol, 2009).With the nursing profession continuing to change, more nursing leadership roles are evolving. Though the community is not accustomed to visualizing a nurse in leadership capacity, all nurses must become leaders in order to transform the current working model into the patient centered model. More leadership skills and positions will be necessary to design, implement, evaluate and advocate for the future of health care needs. Working alongside physicians and other health professionals require these leadership skills to win a targeted outcome. This also transcends to the care environment by ensuring evidence-based improvements are implemented.Th e Affordable Care Act of 2010 will provide an opportunity for the healthcare system in the United States to be completely redesigned. With nursing being the largest health care profession, nurses can assist with obtaining the objectives in the IOM report which suggests recommendations for the future of nursing (Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine, 2010). Allowing nurse to use their education and competencies to their fullest, more higher degree level nurses will emerge. By expanding their education and training, more leaders in nursing will be created and new opportunities will arise. Community oriented, wellness and disease prevention will be crucial to the growing community needs. By placing Nurse Practitioners in these areas of expertise, cost will be lowered and patient satisfaction, as well as outcome will rise. Furthermore, working as a coalition with physicians and other health care professionals will create a more collaborative working environment and provide better patient outcomes as well.ReferencesCresaia, J., Friberg, E. (2010). conceptual Foundations The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO Elsevier. Laurant, M., Reeves, D., Hermens, R., Braspenning, J., Grol, R. (2009). Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care. The Cochrane Library. Retrieved from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub2/abstract?systemMessage=Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+ break up+4+Feb+from+10-12+GMT+for+monthly+maintenance Robert Wood Johnson, Institute of Medicine. (2010, October 5, 2010). The Future of Nursing Leading Change, Advancing Health (Institute of Medicine). Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Initiative on the Future of Nursing.

Compare and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast EssayAll interesting authors expose their readers to experience the essence of the story. In this case, Toni Cade Bambara uses the good example of her short story The Lesson, in order to convey the reality of a 1960s ghetto, African American community through the eyes of a three-year-old girl named Sylvia. Sylvia is a young, fearless girl who has an audacious and outspoken nature despite her constant use of profanity and insulting judgments of break away Moore.Moreover, Toni Bambaras proficiency of literacy in this piece is written in a way that transport the readers to a nonher cultural setting that is condemned by a helpless cycle of sparing poverty, which Miss Moore attempts to prevent for the future generation. In addition, Toni Cade Bambara uses her colorful style of tone to express the realism and individualistic characteristic of the urban black community of the mid-sixties through the use of AAVE, which stands for African American Vernacular Engl ish. Through this unique style of writing, Toni Bambaras goal is to challenge or even question cabaret of its unfair economy.Admittedly, it is true that these kids have inherited poor values from their parents. It in like manner touches on the irresponsibility of lower class parents when it comes to raising their children (Friedman 2). This is where Miss Moore, the antagonist, comes in. She tries to show these kids what it subject matter to have opportunity to be successful and have a nice life. Shed been to college and said it was only right that she should take responsibility for the young ones education. And she not even related by marriage or blood (pg. 183). The author portrays Miss Moore as being a proper adult figure for the kids as she shows them the world other than the one they live in. In the beginning of the story, many readers are startled at the fact that Sylvia explicitly uses profanity like it is by of her everyday speech. She states, And the starch in my pinaf ore scratching the shit outta me and Im really hating this nappy-head bitch and her goddam college degree (pg. 183). Toni wanted to make Sylvia await as realistic as possible, and with Sylvias lower class, ghetto background speaking properly would not seem as authentic to the setting and situation.As an African American herself, Bambara portrays Sylvia almost as a realistic figure influenced by her childhood. This dialect emphasizes the childrens distance from mainstream white bourgeois culture and economic power. However, Bambara also celebrates AAVE to express her self-confidence, assertiveness, and creativity as a young black women (Janet Ruth Heller 1). At first, Sylvia gives off the impression of being stubborn and loud. She is adverse to Miss Moores teachings because simply, she doesnt understand the underlying messages that Miss Moore attempts to teach these kids.During the exposition, Sugar answers Miss Moores question by saying, I hark back that this is not untold of a democracy if you ask me. Equal chance to pursue happiness means an equal crack at the dough, dont it? (pg. 188) This moment is the twist point in which changes Sylvia from being a talker to a listener. Although the lesson doesnt immediately make sense to her, she eventually runs off to let it sink in. afterwards reading the story, the reader is left with a feeling of anticipation for the kids and their future outcome. Although humorous, the story brings up a serious issue of poverty and the economic dissimilitude that these kids experience.Furthermore, at the conclusion of the story Sylvia states, We started from the block and she gets ahead which is O. K. by me cause Im goin to the West End and then over to the Drive to think this day through. She can run if she want to and even run faster. But aint nobody gonna beat me at nuthin (pg. 188). This moment represents hope for Sylvias future and her drive to pursue a life other than the one she was brought up to. In this way, Toni wants to convey a message of hope to all kids in Sylvias position and that they have to chance to break away from the cycle of poverty and be successful.

Anxiety in Cancer Treatment: A Case Study

Anxiety in Cancer Treatment A Case StudyCase Study CelineLaurie Cyr-Martel enduringPresenting problem Celine is a 25 year old female who presented to the hint department (E.D.) with cast upd abdominal pain over the last 2 weeks. patient role recently completed che fuck offapy and cancer treatment for intestinal cancer. Celine has been under increased stress due to her living situation and is concerned that her cancer has re false. She reports the pain is unalike than when she was initially diagnosed. She had an ap berthment with her oncologist on Monday, save by Friday night the pain was excruciating and she presented to the ED on Saturday morning.Background and demographics Celine was born in a suburban area of Maine, never knowing her biological father, was raised (a term she uses loosely), by her engender and resided with her mother and biological brother two years her senior. The patient reports most of her life, her mother was an addict. According to Celine, from an early age which she reports as 5-10 years of age, she remembers her mothers drug of choice as alcohol. When her maternal grandparents visited, the addiction was hidden. While Celine was in junior high and high school, her mothers drug of choice was cocaine. Celine reports her mother would make her steal either food or m unityy. Celine was told that if she was caught, nothing bad would happen. Celine was horrendous if she told anyone of the environment, the state would make her live in foster care. From ages 12-15, Celine found her mother clinically dead twice, Celine called 911 and her mother was revived. Both times, the mother entered rehab with the intention of becoming drab and clean. In thosetimes Celine stayed with her maternal grandparents. Her mother would get clean andCeline and her brother would return home. Celines brother experienced a traumaticbrain dishonor his senior year in high school while riding an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATC). His home care fell to Celine. It was at this time Celine, who had proficient turned 16, was diagnosed with intestinal cancer. According to Celine, while she was going through Chemotherapy, her mother would steal her pain meds, leaving Celine to endure the pain. She was deemed in remission at theage of 19 after a 3 year battle, the cancer returned last year at age 24. Celine completed high school as an above bonnie student, but was un able to attend college due to increased fretfulness. At the age of 21, Celine who was still living with her mother and acting as care buckr, found her mother unconscious and called emergency services. Her mother was unable to be revived. Celine contacted the State at this time, to request help with her brother. According to Celine, the state was surprised to learn that no one had previously intervened. Celine moved into her own apartment and is currently on disability, due to her medical and anxiety concerns. Her brother lives in a group home setting, whom she visits seldom. Celine report s that in the last six months she has noticed increased anger and is working with her healer to determine the reasons and rationale.The two scales used to determine intervention and resources for both the anxiety and the patients recital of intestinal cancer were the GAD-7 (Lowe, Decker, Muller, Brahler, Schellberg, Herzog, Herzberg, 2008 Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe, 2006) and the Cancer Behavior Inventory (CBI-B) (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh, Passik, 2011 Merluzzi, Nairn, Hedge, Martinez Sanchez, Dunn 2001 Merluzzi, Martinez Sanchez, 1997).MeasurementsCBI-BThe CBI-B is a shorter version of a previously well-established measure of the Cancer Behavior Inventory Long variance (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe Kirsh 2011). The long version is a 33- accompaniment asshole, developed to measure how well an individual copes with cancer. The long and short version of the CBI, measure tokens on a nine point scale from not at all confident to total ly confident. The internal consistency in the longer version of 33 items produced a co-efficient of 0.94 and the test-retest for the 33 item CBI was 0.74 (Merluzzi, Nairn, Hedge, Martinez Sanchez, Dunn 2001 Merluzzi, Martinez Sanchez, 1997). As my interaction with this patient was limited due to the emergency department location, the patient agreed to participate using the shorter version, 12 item CBI-B. The Cronbach co-efficient of the 12 item version, indicated an internal consistency of .84, attained in three different examples (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean-Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh 2011). Thus, the results in using this assessment indicate acceptable reliability to the degree to which the patient intrusts she is able to cope and maintain her health during her experience with cancer. The quality of life measures were also positively correlated with the negative correlations or depression and the impact of sickness, demonstrating the validity of the CBI-B (Heitzmann, Merluzzi, Jean -Pierre, Roscoe, Kirsh 2011). Patients who believe they are able to cope with the illness are more apt to connect with the resources to face the multiple challenges of the disease. .GAD-7 Reviewing validity studies for the GAD-7, resulted in agreement this measurement tool is appropriate and validated for use in primary care (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, Lowe, 2006), those in a hospital program, (Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson. 2013), and the ordinary population (Lowe, Decker, Muller, Brahler, Schellberg, Herzog, Herzberg, 2008). Spitzer et al., (2008) used a large consume size (2982), and took into account ethnicities, age, education, and relationship status. The diversity and sample size allowed for various correlations, producing a Cronbach which resulted in a score of 0.92 indicating an excellent internal consistency. Within the general population, there is evidence to defend the validity and the reliability of the GAD-7. Lowe et al., (2008) used a sample of 5,032 partic ipants. The researchers assessed the construct validity by comparing wads of those diagnosed with general anxiety disorder in primary care settings, to the scores of those diagnosed with GAD in the general population. The internal consistency resulted in an acceptable 0.89. Although a smaller sample size of 232 was selected from a partial hospital program to measure the validity of the GAD-7 (Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson 2013), the study concluded that due to the brevity, easy administration, that the GAD-7 had strong construct validity. The associations with self-esteem, depression, resilience and how fulfill a patient is with their life, demonstrated good reliability and construct validity within the GAD-7 in all three studies (Lowe et al., 2008 Spitzer et al., 2006 Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, Bjorgvinsson 2013).AdministrationThe CBI-B and the GAD-7 were administered twice upon the initial assessment and the third contact. (The second contact was by phone to ascertain the result s of her appointment with her oncologist. The patient advised that the results of her blood work was looking positive.)When initially administered, CBI-B score was 64. (Figure 1) The scores indicating the patient was able to maintain her abilities when confronting her disease, but not yet at a point where confidence was paramount. As the CBI-B was administered only twice, a wide magnetic declination in scores was not expected.The third contact, the patient agreed to meet in the conference room of the emergency department. I asked if this would be a misadventure as her grandmother would be traveling three hours. The patient advised she had an appointment with her oncologist, and she wanted me to explain the measurement tools to her grandmother. Results of the second administration of the CBI-B was 91 (Figure II) indicating an increase in self efficacy within two weeks.The initial score from the GAD-7 was 19 (Figure III) indicating severe anxiety. The patient is currently being trea ted for her anxiety, so the raise score was not a surprise to this practitioner. However, the patient was concerned as she had been working on decreasing her anxiety with her current therapist.The patient was hesitant to take the GAD-7 the second time as she was apprehensive it might not change. Upon taking the second test, (Figure IV) the patients score actually resulted in positive news for Celine decreasing by 5 points.Scores The patient attributed the positive change in the scores for both the GAD -7 and the CBI-B as a result of relocation to her maternal grandparents home on the coast of Maine where she was close to the ocean able to use her photography and find peace in her heart. As evident in the CBI-B, relaxation, coping, consolation, and having some-one whom she could lot her concerns and feelings. These scores had increased. The patient advises that she has been able to use the breathing techniques when she begins to feel overwhelmed.The decrease in the anxiety scores m ay also be correlated to the relocation, support systems, access to hobbies. Although, the patients score still borders on severe, her future outlook presents as positive when speaking of her living situation. Celine admits to worry about her cancer, but believes she go out continue to improve. Celines passion has always been with the artistic realm. Her grandparents sire become involved in Celines life. They live three hours away on the coast of Maine. Celine finds solace at the ocean. The Grandparents purchased a camera for Celine two years prior. She currently takes photographs of nature, her grandfather makes the frames for the pictures and they are sold at fairs. Celine advises a few of her pictures have been placed in the reception area of a local hospital.Discussion Both measurement tools used with this patient were of great validity in the emergency department setting. As there is not always a chance to follow up with patients, I was fortunate to gather information not jus t from the tool itself, but the patients reactions, participation, and discussion when using the measurement tools. Follow up with her therapist would be paramount to continue addressing the anxiety. The patient advises she will be attempting to locate another therapist closer to her grandmother. We were able to locate several therapists in a nearby town. The young womans resilience may be the result of the hardships already endured at a young age. According to Merluzzi Martinez Sanchez (1997), social supports, whether perceived or actual are positively correlated to self-efficacy. The second and final meeting resulted in opening a dialogue between the patient and her grandmother. Celine began an on line class for photography and is aspirant to create her own business.The two chosen measurements correlated well together. The ability to regulate ones affect, adapt to the negatively of cancer, and express those thoughts, the more positive the outcome (Merluzzi, et al., 2001). If the therapist can continue to address the anxiety in terms of self-efficacy, it is possible that Celine will continue to increase her good health.

Gender and leadership style analysis

Gender and leadinghip entitle analysis1. IntroductionLeader is the central ara of a club. No matter what form of organization it is, the activity of leading is in truth important. Leader carriage is too c all tolded manager modal value, which is concerned with maintaining motivation, balancing interests and imple handsting tactical plans. An effective leader is someone who motivates a person or a group to accomplish much than than they would oblige otherwise accomplished without that leading booking (Gedney R., 1999). As a good leader, he or she should be visionary, innovative, and has strategic and logical thinking. Good leading mode flowerpot help a company to puddle and sustain a high answerance structure.When a baby is born, the first question muckle everlastingly ask is is it a boy or a girl? The babys sex determines what kind of characteristics he or she would pretend to some extent. If the baby is a boy, he is more wish wellly to be competitive, bullo cky and tough in the future. If the baby is a girl, she seems to be more careful, emotional, and patient when she grows up. So according to disparate characteristics male and effeminate maintain, their leadership way of lifes shoot some goings.2. Different Genders Leadership elansResearch presented by Dr. Pat Heim in her video, The Invisible Rules Men, Wo hands and Teams, indicates that each sexual urge is a culture in itself, raised with invisible rules of cope instinctively cognizen to all adult members of that grammatical gender (Norton D., 1998). Male leader leans towards the traditional command-and-control style. They are more likely to employ a transactional leadership.The transactional leadership style developed by Bass is based on the hypothesis that pursual are motivated through a system of rewards and penalization (Transactional leadership, 2007). Leaders exercise this style view job performance as a series of transactions and they offer rewards for services rendered or punishment for inadequate performance. This means if the decipherers do something good for the organization, they will be rewarded. On the contrary, if they do something wrong, they will be punished. Followers are putting the wishes of leaders in effect.In fact, this kind of style may begin to form the very early leader-follower relationship. Male leaders give the ideas to their followers that they bath compact advance raises by interest decrees.As for womanly leaders, they also use the transactional leadership style. But the study tack women were more likely to use the load-bearing(a) component the leadership style turn in. On the other hand, male leaders non alship weedal give rewards when their employees perform well. But if the employees do something wrong, he will punish them without doubts.Female leaders are tended to use this kind of interactive leadership style. They not only encourage others participation but also attempted to energize followers by e nhancing their sense of self-worth. They inspire and motivate employees while allowing them some initiative and bad them the power to make decisions on their own. umpteen women leaders believe that bulk perform best when they feel good about themselves and their represent. The leaders are opening access to information to increase opportunities for continuous improvement.But similarities also exist among men and women managers. In order to lead employees, no matter what gender you are, you should follow many similar principles that useful in caution. An extensive review of research suggests that similarities in leadership styles tend to outweigh the differences. Because of career self-selection and organization selection, hoi polloi who choose careers in law enforcement or real estate require a circuit in common. So do individuals who choose managerial or supervisory roles (David C., 2006).In retrospect, men are more likely to use the transactional leadership style for reward ing and punishing employees. Men are strong and decisive. Women build bridges of empathy. Men get things done. Women care more about the process(Different leadership styles, 2007). As women al federal agencys use the transformational leadership style, they are better at negotiating than men. There are many communication strengths for female leaders they enhance team work, win the self-assurance of the people they work with, and encourage innovation. Male leaders also have many advantages they are decisive when they face difficult situations, have clear sound judgment to set different responsibilities, and remove un compulsioned elements without doubts.3. Male Leaders vs. Female Leaders, Which Make Better LeadersDuring a long period of time, many people think men have the big businessman to manage people well and they are suitable to centering. However, as more and more women are moving into management in recent years, some questions have arisen Do women bring a special check o ff new style of leading into company? The traditional command-and-control style, compared with womens ways of leading, which one is more effective? Which leadership style is better? Which leadership style is better?In 2005, a year-long study set a way out of characteristics that distinguish women leaders from men when it comes to qualities of leadership. The study findings are summarized into four specific statements about womens leadership qualities Women leaders are more persuasive than their male counterparts. When timbre the sting of rejection, women leaders learn from adversity and carry on with an Ill show you attitude. (Women Leaders study, 2005).Esther Wachs, the author of the book Why the Best Man for the transmission line is a Woman The Unique Female Qualities of Leadership, makes research on the careers of fourteen cabbage female executives among them the President and CEO of eBay to find out what makes them so victoryful. She found women has a willingness to reinv ent the rules an ability to sell their visions the determination to turn challenges into opportunities and a focus on high touch in a high tech note world (Lowen L.).Women in both staff and line positions were more likely to be leader-style executives than their male colleagues. During 1990s, there were only small part of women fill in managerial positions and most of them stayed in house looking after babies and doing housework. But just after several years, more and more women become white-collars and get high-leveled jobs. Organizations pull in women have better performance than expected. In 2005, the number of women ascent into slip away management positions in large companies has increased nearly 60 share over the last decade. In both the UK and Ireland, women represent more than 45 percent of the workforce (Gurdal I., 2005).From the data we can see, the speed which women moved into top positions is very fast. Nowadays, it is common to see female leaders in organization, a lthough they are guide over the minority. Since technology develops rapidly, what the company concerned most in the future is for people. Interactive management, fictive problem handling method, and effective communication skills are more valuable for an organization than other aspects. All these characteristics as important for future development and success are the qualities female leaders have. So to some extents, it seems that female leadership style is more and more suitable for companies.Women have the ability to create brand new corporation culture, which is different from male leaders produced. The structures that women establish seem to be flexible and these structures can help to create more interactive environment for a company. Since women also tend to discuss problems more openly and utilize group-think to seek solutions, much(prenominal) solutions are often more acceptable to teams (Gutirrez M., 2008).According to what mentioned above, female leaders have many adv antages outweigh than male leaders. But this does not mean male leaders are not good. There is still ofttimes superiority which male leaders have. Many studies show there are not stools of differences between the qualities of men and women leadership styles. Each genders leadership styles have their good points.Since male leaders are more masculine, they are good at solving problems, delegating, and influencing superiors. Female leaders are more feminine, they are more likely to be supporting and rewarding others, building team and consulting. Interestingly, some male leaders are better at networking, which generally is seen as a feminine behavior. Some female leaders are better than males at solving problems, an ability regarded as male leadership style.4. The Trend of Leadership Style4.1 Feminine leadership style is growingThe general perception of business management before was a structure dominated by males whose leadership style was hierarchical, tough, action-oriented, and level off autocratic. In most peoples mind, the ideal leader should be regarded as an independent, tough, individualistic hero. But today a new generation of women is bringing to business a different style often described as more consensus-building, more likely to encourage participation by others, more open and inclusive, and even more caring than that of many males.Now a new wave revolution created by women is coming. Many females begin explore their own way to top management positions. The way is not sitting down under old rules and habits that have proved effective and suitable for males, it derives from womens own experience and their unique grounds of the world.T he World YWCA Secretary General Kanyoro says attitudes toward leadership changing mentioned this These newly admired leadership qualities of shared leadership nurturance and doing good for others are today not only sought after but also indeed needed to make a difference in the world.A feminine way of leading include s assist the world to understand and be principled about values that really matter (Kanyoro M., 2006).In modern society, domination is no longer a habitual leadership style. Todays work force is better-educated. Nowadays, more and more young professional workers are joining into the organizations. They demand to participate and contribute. In some cases, they have noesis or talents their bosses dont have. Normally, these kinds of workers are likely to respond more to interactive leaders. They hope their leaders can be flexible, interactive, trust and encouraging rather than rigid, right-wing, serious, and restraining.Todays company requires leaders who not only are risk takers, but also are capable of hearing the ideas of others and really give them the power to use some of the ideas in changing business making them successful. Listening, encouraging and sharing information with people are the keys to success for best leaders. Just like the President of the nearly $500-million-a- year cartridge holder group of Meredith Corp. said Companies that try to manage in the old top-down, hierarchical, drill-sergeant way is just doomed (Nelton S., 1991).Many experts agree that women are more likely to have the ability to deal with the complicated problems existed in the company. They are more active in building networks, listening, resolving conflict, and getting people to work together. In cast upition, women can help companies be more competitive because they see business opportunities as a result of their own experience. Many female leaders have the authority that they can help company grow very well in an international market. Although men still run the world, more and more people realize that it might be in better shape if women were more often in charge.Female leadership characters can help companies solve three study problemsthe need for better customer service, the demand for high quality, and the need for leadership itself (Nelton S., 1991). Gradually, m any male leaders start to use the so-called feminine tools of leadership without embarrassment. Being more male than male is no longer effective for women leaders on controlling a company. Women leaders have more opportunities to use the styles that are more natural to them as individuals, whether soft or tough.As never before, the world is seeking capable women as organism the female leader. Its chance most quickly on the entrepreneurial side, as well as on the corporate side. A large growing pool of women will have the chance to show their executive talent. According to the research on Google, in United States, more than 4 million of women have already started at the top by launching their own companies. In order to nurture the development of women leaders, many companies encourage mentoring for women. They create situations that facilitate informal, on-the-job advice for women. Some companies also add women to board of directors.4.2 Different leaderships blend togetherAlthough t here are many advantages by using feminine leadership style, smart companies are making path for a diversity of styles, encouraging the development of women leaders along with the men. Male leaders are better at giving orders, while female leaders like to build the bridge between employees and her. They enhance team work more than male leaders and they more focus on the detailed things during the process. On the contrary, male leaders always lead in a macro point of view. Men and women can learn strengths from each other. Many women are corporate trust the best of the traditional styles, such as focus on performance, into their leadership style, while men are adopting the so-called soft management approaches that women use effectively. For the good businesses, these different styles should be complementary rather than confrontational.If two men or two women work together, it may not be more effective than men and women work together. At the top of the company, if different genders work together, they can produce harmony and comfortable environment and develop the companys potential to higher point. For an organization, in order to fully realize its potential, it is vital to meld different leadership styles together.No matter what kind of way the leader uses, the critical thing for the leader is to know the strong and weakness the style they use most frequently. To be effective in the workplace, the leader moldiness also realize that switching between different styles can make his or her company have better performance.Dilemma Faced by Female Leaders in Todays SocietyStereotyping LeadershipWhen we chew out about the two types of leadership -one is predominantly masculine and the other is predominantly feminine, we would think about two different kinds of figures men in the military and on the playing field to train soldiers, and women in the home to manage the house and nurture husbands and children. Since many women have been married and have children, most of them spend higher average hours of housework than men per week. The competitive pressure is growing higher and higher in todays society, women have to strive to balance their professional careers and family roles. Some people think female are not suitable for being leaders because women always consider their family a lot and can not spend all efforts on work. Womens inability of being leaders is not because they lack adequate leadership characteristics it is because they do not have time and energy. Widely shared gender stereotypes are in effect the genetic code of the gender system, since they constitute the cultural rules or schemas by which people perceive and enact gender difference and inequality (Carli L., 2001).Male and female management styles are distinct. In many cases, managerial stereotypes fit with gender stereotypes. People stereotype women as being better at encouraging, supporting and taking care while men are stereotyped as being more direct, kinglike and taking charge. Many people think if the leader is a female, she is more likely to discuss with their employees when making a decision. To the contrary, if the leader is a male, he would decide by himself and influence superiors to follow him. People always consider man can better achieve a solution than women. Today, the number of men in top management positions is still much higher than women. Only a quite small part of women can enter top management field, let alone being CEOs.No matter what leadership style female executives choose, they are more likely to be perceived negatively than men. Female business leaders act unchanging with gender stereotypes are considered too soft. But if they go against gender stereotypes, they are considered too tough. To explain these, when a female leader exhibit traditionally valued leadership behaviors such as assertiveness, she tends to be seen as competent but not personable or likable. If she adopts a more stereotypically feminine style, people li ke it but not see it as having valued leadership skills. So there is a double-bind dilemma for women in leadership Damned If You Do, Doomed If You Dont (Study, 2007).So todays female leaders are really at a deadlock. Even though they tried very hard to become leaders, they still have confine positional power. Many people do not agree women become leaders because they regard all of women as a whole, and all of them have the same characteristics in other words, womens character flaw. In those peoples mind, since most women are sentimental, they should be tender and shilly-shally since they are approachable, they do not have the determination to make punishment or criticize since they are likely to support and encourage others, they do not have the power to influence superiors, etc.Stereotyping is strong and horrible, it gives women more and more pressure when they pursuit higher positions. Although many women have diversity trainings before they enter into executive positions, they still feel powerless to eliminate the stereotypes. The effect of gender stereotyping can be devastating, it block the way they pursuit their career, whittle down their confidence, bury their talents and potential and increase the huge gap in business leadership. single day women will be fully accepted in senior positions, but before this day comes true, women still have much further to go.Many companies have already realized the bad environment and unequal opportunities for women. In order to help women achieve their advancement and argue for their rights, some organizations have already taken active measure to avoid and resist gender stereotyping. Women leaders performance should be shown and supported, especially when they are in the fields dominated by male. Company should also create a gender-sensitive workplace, to give women the same opportunities to take part in the work discussion. Another way is to give managers, executives, and even employees the facts of life about ste reotyping. This can give them the idea that it is important to improve gender quality and let women have more confidence to strive for their rights. Furthermore, objective standards must(prenominal) be used when evaluating peoples achievements. It is sure that with equitable and supportive business environment, the organization will have better-educated workforce, enjoy better business performance and become more compatible in the market.6. Suggestions for Good Leadership StyleRegardless of the size of the company, both men and women business leaders have a lot they can teach one another about leadership, as well as the members of their own sex. As they learn from one another, they can bring strengthened leadership abilities to their companies. Here are some suggestions for good leadership styles.6.1 Listen CarefullyFor this point, women leaders tend to be better listeners than men. Listening is the key because leaders can learn from the people who work for them by listening. If fo llowers know their leader is open, the leader even hears the downside directly. Listening to others is a kind of way to gather information. It enables leaders to keep making changes to improve the organization.However, listening doesnt always mean agreement. Listening to a person doesnt mean you should decide it in his or her way. Leaders should be good at filtering useful information. Some leaders meet with a different group of 15 or more non-managerial employees for round-table discussions every month. By public lecture with those employees, leaders can get to know people at levels they might never see. The purpose of the round-table discussion is communication, but a wise leader makes a point of listening more than talking.6.2 Being Decisive determination is defined as being characterized by firmness and decision (Being decisive, 2007). Being decisive doesnt mean having a closed mind or being bullheaded. A good leader should know when to stop building consensus and gathering inf ormation to make a decision. Decisiveness is an area that women could probably learn something from men.6.3 Be Willing to Express Your EmotionsIn fact, there is always a wrong perception about management. People always think soft management means the leader is sensitive, caring and supportive, and hard management means the leader is tough and draw the lines. But actually, a lot of the tough guy is really cowardly and ineffective management. Managers who take the hard approach sometimes are hiding behind a shell, they are cowardly to confront their own emotions and feelings. They scare to show it in public.Dont be afraid to show your feelings to your employees which are important for both male and female leaders. Because it is a way to show your faith and honest, and it is also an opportunity to build the bridge of trust among people. Many leaders find when they stop hiding their emotions, their reputation among employees is higher. Instead of considering being soft, they receive mo re respects from their employees. Cry doesnt mean you are wimp. Leaders who cry for their employees outstanding performance or regret for their own leading mistakes lift that they take employees performance and achievements seriously.6.4 Doesnt Let Your Ego Get in the WayNo matter you are a man or a woman, you have to learn that there is no place for ego in leadership. Only one person can not make a company successful. data track an organization its a team effort and a team attitude. If something is good, both leader and followers will all take credit. But if it is bad, they all take the blame. Leaders should not be too proud of them and focus on making profit for their own, since it will be found sooner or posterior and followers will not trust the leaders any more. Dont be egotistical does not mean you can not get to the top if you want to. But what the leader should make it clear is that the more people you try to take along with you, the faster youll get there and the longer youll stay there.6.5 Be YourselfDont try to force yourself into a certain style thats not natural to you, even if you think its expected of you. Leaders should aware that different people have different expectations, you can not satisfy everyone. Do not lose yourself. Female leaders are strong professionals, but they can still contain dresses instead of masculine-looking suits. They can also keep a jar of candy in the office, which is regarded as a typically female touch. Believe it or not, such little things can produce an environment of communication and friendliness.You can learn to draw on other leaders styles, however, to enrich your choice of tools. Leader should build on his or her strengths in terms of the personality, and it basically comes down to what works best for him or her.7. Does only sex determine the leadership style? close of the male leaders can set legible responsibilities, but that does not mean women leaders can not. So all of these characteristics described for male and female actually do not have clear boundaries and are not the unique ones just aim at one gender. The leadership style is not just influenced by gender, the style also develop out of personalities and life experiences. Each leader has a predominant style, but the other aspects of leadership must also be present as tools to use. If men do not feel embarrassed to show some kinds of feminine ways of leading, they can also use them directly and effectively. In some cases, female leaders are also comfortable to show use some male leadership styles when necessary. In very difficult and dangerous situation, there may be just only one right decision. The leader should use it, no matter what gender the leader is.For many successful male and female leaders, their partners (have different gender) are linked by neither marriage nor romance. Men and women in senior management all work for long hours and are motivated by the achievement they made.Leadership style is also determined by the types of operations executives run. If the leader oversees pattern and production, he seems to be more low-key than the other one who is responsible for sales, marketing, and finance. The second leader needs to be more intense and aggressive so as to increase the performance of apartments which he or she charges. If leaders responsibilities require more structure, they should be more strict and rigid. On the contrary, if they need to deal with inventive people, they should be more fluid, spontaneous, and flexible. From a get-somebodys-attention standpoint, it is beneficial for the leaders to be direct, no nonsense, and get on the table what they want.8. ConclusionIn retrospect, males tended to be more task-oriented females tended to be more relationship-oriented. Women tend to employ a more democratic, participative style while men tend to take a more autocratic, directive approach. Self-selection and adaptation are factors common to female leadership, while delegation and co ntrolling are factors common to male leadership. Female leaders are more likely to be supporting and rewarding others, building team and consulting. Male leaders are better at solving problems, delegating, and influencing superiors.Human flexibility combined with cultural experiences allows men and women the ability to do more or less what they choose versus being locked into stereotypical behaviors. For example, men are capable, although maybe not comfortable, working within organizations currently identified with womens styles. Also, women can and do adapt to military leadership styles when required. Although there are lots of differences between male and female leaders, they can still successfully work together, to communicate effectively, and contribute equally to the work place.Nowadays, more and more leaders become introspective but decisive, caring yet competent. Companies seem to understand giving the chances to a variety of leaders to grow and shine is good for business. Al l in all, whether a style is masculine or feminine, the best leadership style depends on the organization. A nontraditional leadership style can be effective in organizations that accept it. The most competitive organizations will take leaders wherever they find them, no matter what sex they are. Thats not only the essence of capitalism, but also the law of survival of the fittest.

Sociolinguistics and Fairy Tales; An Integrated Approach to Adult ESL

RationaleThe purpose of this study is to consider the current materials adult ESL students use and incorporate authentic material (through the use of world-beater tales) as a way of helping adult learners achieve proficiency in second language through a bemock prospectus.This study investigates the sociolinguistic, sociocultural and psychological features found in fairy tales, including Grimms tales, and the potential of using modern fairy tales as practice material for ESL learners. It explores various dimensions of fairy tales and demonstrates how they nominate be used as content to instruct and provide language practice to ESL learners.queen tales are predominantly taught to native English primary schoolhouse students. They are a semi-logical language that is inherent to the English language. Teachers can use similar texts so that adult ESL students can benefit becoming familiar with indisputable grammatical structures and vocabulary. It is essential to discover whether adult ESL students can comprehend the language used in fairy tales. Therefore, the following hypotheses can be madeargon the linguistic features in a modern fairy tales similar to standard/basic everyday texts?Do these texts have the potential to be authentic nice for standard language use? Can these texts allow students to be more active and confident in their English proficiency and self-development?What problems can occur if the mock prospectus is implicated?The main theory used in this study will be Krashens Input Hypothesis the i as the students familiarity with the stories and the +1 as the target language acquired. Teachers must provide students with opportunities to use meaningful language and, allow for immediate corrective feedback. Storytell... ... Little Pigs New York Viking.Tomlinson, P., and Philpot, T. (2007) A Childs voyage to Recovery Jessica Kingsley PublishersTomlinson, P., Dockrell, J., Smith, L. (2003) Piaget, Vygotsky and Beyond Central Issues in Developmental Ps ychology and Education RoutledgeTomlinson, B. (1986) Openings London Lingual HouseZinn, L. (1990) Identifying Your Philosophical Orientation, Adult Learning Methods 39-77.Zipes, J. (2007) Why Fairy Tales Stick The Evolution and Relevance of a Genre Routledge New Ed. Zipes, J. (2002) Breaking the Magic Spell Radical Theories of Folk and Fairy Tales Social Sciences 5(6) University Press of Kentucky.Zipes, J. (2002) The Brothers Grimm From please Forests to the Modern World (2nd ed) Palgrave McMillanZipes, J. (1994) Fairy Tale As Myth Myth As Fairy Tale in Clarke Lecture. University Press of Kentucky,

Market Opportunity Analysis :: essays research papers fc

Market probability AnalysisRuonan Tan0423688IntroductionIn our modern society , lots of companies are surrounded by the numerous competition and dealt with many questions , for example , are your products consistent with your customers current and future needs? Do you have a flow of new products to meet the culture needs of your market? Are the products youre developing strategically significant? The answer is unkown , because the market opportunity analysis for every product is acting an outstanding role in company s philosophy .Jerry Y. Wind has argued that Market opportunity analysis is key to the survival and growth of any firm including matter and international companies , particularly in the competitive marketplace. ( The Lauder Professor and professor of Marketing, The Wharton School, Trustee, The Philadelphia Museum of Art) . The ever-accelerated updating of economic and commercial brings about a great number of changes and challenges in modern society , especially in t he expansion of marketplace and influence of market opportunity research and analysis for different firms . It seems that market opportunity is playing significant role .Recently Hi-Micro company was established and have identified that the on-going globalization of the world economy, its strategic location, and the existing market structure provide them with a potence opportunity to develop as an international high-tech computer market leader. In recognition of the risks involved, Hi-micro test the market of Innovators and Mercedes to examine the basis for the opportunity, assess how these deuce products measure up against competing other companies , such as Wellbox and KnLs , determine potential market niches, and develop a strategic marketing plan. This current report, the Hi-Micro Market Opportunity Analysis, represents the process of marketing through the analyses of the following sections mainly for Hi-micro that are closely related to market opportunity analysis . The busines s environment and the forcesWhat is an on request Operating Environment? It is defined as a set of integration and infrastructure management capabilities that customers and partners can utilize, in a modular and incremental fashion, to modify the transformation to e-business on demand. It is not a single product, nor a brand, nor a platform, nor an architecture.The design of an on demand operating environment must get together the design of the business itself. In order for more and more flexibility and componentization to be achieved in the business design, the infrastructure must evolve from silos of complex, over-provisioned, proprietary ironware and software to a standards-based infrastructure where capacity can be optimized across the entire organization.

Free Essay - Rev. Arthur Dimmesdales Double-talk in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Dimmesdales Double-talk in The Scarlet Letter     Abstract Critics of Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter are wrong to attribute to Hester the means of persuading Dimmesdale to beetle off with her and their child. It is Dimmesdale who uses his rhetorical mastery to talk Hester into talking him into eloping. An analysis of his conversation with Hester in the forest in comparison with his sermons fates that he is using the same discursive strategy he employs to convince his parishivirtuosors that he is a sinless man.   The Reverend Mister Arthur Dimmesdale is usually understood to be guilty of two sins, one of commission (his adultery with Hester) and one of omission (his cowardly and hypocritical failure to confess). This is his state through most of The Scarlet Letter but when Dimmesdale meets Hester in the forest (Chapters 16-19), he agrees to flee capital of Massachusetts with her, to seek out a new life in the Old World, and, presumably, to live wit h her in adultery. By the lights of his community and his profession, this resolution is a far to a greater extent serious sin than any he had committed to date, but most critics spend a penny agreed that Dimmesdale is not primarily responsible for his actions in the forest. Both Michael Colacurcio and Terence Martin have written that Hester seduced Dimmesdale in the forest,(2) and Darrel Abel argues that Dimmesdale could not resist Hester, for in entering the forest Hester means to persuade Dimmesdale to elope with her and Pearl, and Dimmesdale agrees to the elopement after only a feeble show of conscience.(3)   The forest scene is crucial in the narrative of The Scarlet Letter, and a proper understanding of what happens in the forest is necessary for any interpretation of Dimmesdales hold days of life and his final confession. I will argue in this paper that the reading of the forest scene sketched above is mistaken that in incident it is Arthur Dimmesdale and not Hester Prynne who is the activating agent(4) in the forest, increasing Dimmesdales culpability for his most serious fall. Previous critics seem to think that Dimmesdales much-vaunted skill as a utterer abandons him when he enters the forest with Hester, but I will show that Dimmesdale talks Hester into talking him into fleeing, and so Dimmesdales gravest sin cannot be laid at Hesters feet at all.